I'm in the middle of reading a book called 'Myths of Babylonia and Assyria' by Donald. A . Mackenzie, and in it he says, 'The Babylonians had ten antediluvian kings, who were reputed to have reigned for vast periods, the total of which amounted to 120 saroi, or 432,000 years. These figures at once recall the Indian Maha-yuga of 4,320,000 years = 432,000 x10. Apparently the Babylonian and Indian systems of calculation were of common origin. In both countries the measurements of time and space were arrived at by utilising the numerals 10 and 6.'
It seems that the numbers of greatest significance in the earliest calculations were those closely associated with human anatomy.
'When primitive man began to count he adopted a method which comes naturally to every schoolboy; he utilized his fingers. Twice five gave him ten, and from ten he progressed to twenty, and then on to a hundred and beyond. In making measurements his hands, arms, and feet were at his service. We are still measuring by feet and yards (standardised strides) [the book was published in 1915] in this country, while those who engage in the immemorial art of knitting, and, in doing so, repeat designs found on neolithic pottery, continue to measure in finger breadths as did the ancient folks who called an arm length a cubit. Nor has the span been forgotten, especially by boys in their games with marbles; the space from the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger when the hand is extended must have been an important measurement from the earliest times.
As he made progress in calculations, the primitive Babylonian appears to have been struck by other details in his anatomy besides his sets of five fingers and five toes. He observed, for instance, that his fingers were divided into three parts and his thumb into two parts only; four fingers multiplied by three gave him twelve, and multiplying 12 by 3 he reached 36. Apparently the figure 6 attracted him.' [Mackenzie]
The reason I write this is to suggest that number does no more than point to the truth. Number goes together with form to distinguish between that which is created and that which is Creator. Here is what Paul has to say,
Romans 1:18-25. 'For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness;
Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them.
For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse:
Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened.
Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,
And changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and four footed beasts, and creeping things.
Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonour their own bodies between themselves:
Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed forever. Amen.'
Number is only one of many ways in which we are able to point to God as Creator. Are there not, however, many great mathematicians who have failed to see beyond the numbers?
Yup, that first bit mentions the " Sumerian Kings List ", something I'm familiar with ( although not intimately like I am with other texts )
The origin of the finger / hand / body measures is best seen, imo, in things like Naram-Sin's mathematical conventions, see bottom right of this page ( One of the few times Wiki has actually been useful where these topics are concerned )
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Sumerian_Calendar_ISO_B0.svg
This ties the notation for " divinity " ( a finger / horn ) into the computation of the moon's orbit, in addition to the Pendulum equation, the SI unit of the second and the principle unit of the " grain " which is the standard smallest modern Judaic unit of keeping time, the " chelek " ( A Babylonian " she " or " grain " ) but also the unit used to measure water volumes used to fill water clocks in such a way that the mass flow rate had to remain constant to match 1:1 the apparent movement of the moon through the sky
Babylonians had tables that covered these water clock measures for every single day of the year, from the shortest to the longest days
Otto E. Neugebauer has covered this extensively in his publications, btw
Otto E. Neugebauer - Wikipedia
Hopefully nobody is going to say his work is " numerology ", because that would have them looking rather ill-informed
Your last question is a great one !
" Are there not, however, many great mathematicians who have failed to see beyond the numbers ? "
Newton was a prime example. Anybody who has actually read his writing on the Bible ( I have ) can see he was grasping at straws, for the most part
He felt he was " chosen by God " to reveal " mathematical secrets " in the Bible, yet, Newton readily admitted he " stood on the shoulders of giants "
Then you have to take into account that most of what we know currently about cuneiform and Egyptian didn't even come until after Newton's day, so he was ignorant of a great many things that have since been discovered
He probably would have been fascinated with what we know now
Another example about someone who can't see past the numbers, ( And I mean no ill will towards this guy, I liked him ) Richard at the Biblewheel website
Before he was a Christian, he was a mathematician and a computer scientist ( Also going for a physics degree ), but he supposedly at some point became a Christian, and had some dream and from this dream he ended up putting forth his so-called " Biblewheel ". Sold many of his books, viscously defended his work, and also fairly well learned, at least as far as Hebrew and Greek
This was his " thing " for years, and he created all these complex diagrams involving figurate numbers and star centered blah blah, huge website
In Richard's mind, the " Biblewheel " was the " mathematical proof the Bible is divine "
Then I showed up one day on his forum and poked a hole in his bubble simply by stating that if the Bible contained a mathematical proof of it's " divinity ", it, " divinity " first have to be defined in such a way it's considered objective ( through consensus )
Then I went on to state to Richard that in the event the Bible actually
did contain some sort of " mathematical proof " ( Of it's divinity ), it likely wouldn't be revealed by Richard, but rather someone prophesized about in the Bible itself
Richard promptly turned around and using some rigorous statistics, ( What he should have done initially ) debunked his own work he had so vehemently defended for all those years, and all it took was two simple observations from myself
He distanced himself from his work that he at one point considered " sacred " in his subsequent posts on his website, explaining how he was blinded by his own biases and thus his " Biblewheel " was a bunch of malarkey
This was about 8 or so years ago, so as you can see, I've already been down this road before, and it was with someone who had a degree in mathematics, yet couldn't " see past the numbers "
He also didn't know anything about prior literature, prior languages, prior mathematical conventions, prior traditions, ( Prior to the Bible ) because he was a fundamentalist " God fearing man who took God's word literally, word for word " like many do, so studying the things I've started to discuss on this thread was completely out of his sphere of knowledge
In that case his own biases kept him from advancing his studies because new information would have undermined his beliefs at the time
So, when you ask me this, those are two great examples I can think off the top of my head
" Are there not, however, many great mathematicians who have failed to see beyond the numbers ? "