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No Evidence for 1st Century Nazareth

A

angellous_evangellous

Guest
Eusebius was the first to mention the existence of the reference to Jesus in the works of Josephus.

Are there a lot of people who quote Josephus at all before Eusebius?

Surely you would know this before making a judgment on the significance of Eusebius being the first to reference Jesus.

And if you can find a lot of people who quote Josephus before Eusebius, how many of these folks had an interest in Jesus? Do you even know how much Josephus wrote? Or that he even existed for that matter.

You don't ever have to think. Just don't assume that other people don't think, either. We're not spamming crap.
 
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A

angellous_evangellous

Guest
Josephus on Jesus | Forgery and Fraud? | Flavius Testimonium



The Bible - Its Evolution, Contradictions and Inconsistencies - Page 8



Eusebius was the first to mention the existence of the reference to Jesus in the works of Josephus. Eusebius also stated the following:

"How far it may be proper to use falsehood
as a medium for the benefit of those
who require to be deceived;"

--- Eusebius Pamphilus of Caesarea, (circa 324 CE)
PE: Praeparatio Evangelica, Preparation for the Gospel,
The title of Chapter 31 of Book 12.

Might as well look up the term "sophomoric" while you're researching.
 

Quagmire

Imaginary talking monkey
Staff member
Premium Member

Like I said: non-scholars and sensationalists.



Did you read your own link?

exp from the linked site: [FONT=Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,Roman,MS Sans Serif, System][SIZE=+1]Unlike Josephus' shorter reference to Jesus, this passage is naturally controversial. Most scholars suspect there has been at least some tampering with the text on the basis of some or all of the italicized sections. Thus scholarly opinion can be divided into three camps: those who accept the entire passage as authentic; those who reject the entire passage as a Christian interpolation into the text (perhaps authored by the fourth-century church historian Eusebius); and those who believe that the original text contained an authentic reference to Jesus but was later embellished by Christian copyists.[/SIZE][/FONT]

Also, if we're going to "divide the scholarly opinion" into camps, you should try and get some idea about what the divisions actually are. The scholars who consider the TF a complete forgery are in a small minority.

Eusebius was the first to mention the existence of the reference to Jesus in the works of Josephus.
The Eusebius reference is the oldest recorded reference. To say that this means that "Eusebius was the first to mention the existence of the reference" is a ridiculous assumption.

Eusebius also stated the following:

"How far it may be proper to use falsehood
as a medium for the benefit of those
who require to be deceived;"

--- Eusebius Pamphilus of Caesarea, (circa 324 CE)
PE: Praeparatio Evangelica, Preparation for the Gospel,
The title of Chapter 31 of Book 12.

And?
 

Tellurian

Active Member
a e

Are there a lot of people who quote Josephus at all before Eusebius?

Surely you would know this before making a judgment on the significance of Eusebius being the first to reference Jesus.

The TF (Testimonium Flavium) was not mentioned by many readers of Josephus works.

93 CE: Eusebius cites Josephus Flavius - 20 book "Antiquity of the Jews"; Major ref to Jesus in Antiquities 18.3.3; with 20.9.1 (Minor Ref))
160 CE: Eusebius cites Justin Martyr who obviously pored over Josephus's works, makes no mention of the TF.
160 CE: Eusebius cites Pseudo-Justin who obviously pored over Josephus's works, makes no mention of the TF. (are these two authors distinct?)
179 CE: Eusebius cites Melito of Sardis - no mention of the TF
180 CE: Eusebius cites Theophilus Bishop of Antioch - no mention of the TF.
190 CE: Eusebius cites Irenaeus, saint and compiler of the New Testament, has not a word about the TF.
200 CE: Eusebius cites Clement of Alexandria, influential Greek theologian, prolific writer, head of the Alexandrian school - nothing about the TF.
220 CE: Eusebius cites Julius Africanus, a prominent chronographer from Emmaus - is silent about the TF.
220 CE: Eusebius cites Tertullian, early literary apologist/polemicist against unorthodox heresy - is silent about the TF.
220 CE: Eusebius cites Hippolytus (170-235), saint and martyr, nothing about the TF.
230 CE: Eusebius cites Origen (185-254), no mention of the TF and specifically states that Josephus did not believe Jesus was "the Christ."
250 CE: Eusebius cites Minucius Felix, lawyer and Christian convert - no mention of the TF.
270 CE: Eusebius cites Anatolius (230-c. 270/280) - no mention of TF.
290 CE: Jerome cites Methodius of Olympus - comprehensive philosophical education, important theologian; prolific author - no Ref.
320 CE: Lactantius, previously an official professor of rhetoric in Nicomedia; Constantine sponsored "tutor" - no mention.

324 CE: *** Eusebius: cites the TF thrice *** P.E. 3.5, *** HE. 1.11, *** Theophany.

324 CE: Constantine cites the testimony of Virgil and Cicero as "prophets", but fails to mention Josephus' testimony - REF
362 CE: Julian states "the wretched Eusebius claims that the study of logic exists among the Hebrews, since he has heard among the Hellenes the word they use for logic."
407 CE: Chrysostom (347-407), saint and Syrian prelate, not a word about the TF.
5?? CE: The author of the ancient Syriac text, "History of Armenia," refers to Josephus but not the TF. - REF
8?? CE: Methodius, saint of the 9th century - makes no mention of it.
814 CE: Photius of Constantinople - admits that Josephus has made no mention of Christ.

From The Testimonium Flavianum - a chronological summary of its Censure
 

Tellurian

Active Member
quagmire

Like I said: non-scholars and sensationalists.

Did you check the references that were sources for the article?

Anonymous, Christian Mythology Unveiled, 1842
ben Yehoshua, mama.indstate.edu/users/nizrael/jesusrefutation.html
Catholic Encyclopedia, "Flavius Josephus," CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Flavius Josephus
Charlesworth, James H., www.mystae.com/restricted/reflections/messiah/sources.html
Doherty, Earl, pages.ca.inter.net/~oblio/supp10.htm
Doherty, Earl, The Jesus Puzzle, Canadian Humanist, Ottawa, 1999
Drews, Arthur, Witnesses to the Historicity of Jesus, Joseph McCabe, tr., Watts, London, 1912
Freke, Timothy and Gandy, Peter, The Jesus Mysteries, Three Rivers, NY, 1999
Gauvin, Marshall, www.infidels.org/library/historical/marshall_gauvin/did_jesus_really_live_/html
Jerome, NPNF2-06. Jerome: The Principal Works of St. Jerome | Christian Classics Ethereal Library
Johnson, Edwin, Antiqua Mater: A Study of Christian Origins, Christianism - Section 1
Josephus, The Complete Works of, Wm. Whitson, tr., Kregel, MI, 1981
Kirby, Peter, home.earthlink.net/~kirby/xtianity/josephus.html
Origen, ANF04. Fathers of the Third Century: Tertullian, Part Fourth; Minucius Felix; Commodian; Origen, Parts First and Second | Christian Classics Ethereal Library
Oser, Scott, Historicity Of Jesus FAQ
Remsburg, John, The Christ, The Christ by John E. Remsberg (Chapter 2)
Shirts, Kerry, www.cyberhighway.net/~shirtail/jesusand.htm
Stein, Dr. Gordon, The Jesus of History: A Reply to Josh McDowell
Strobel, Lee, The Case for Christ, Zondervan, MI, 1998
Taylor, David, www.mmsweb.com/eykiw/relig/npref.txt
Wells, G.A., The Jesus Legend, Open Court, Chicago, 1997
Wells, G.A., The Jesus Myth, Open Court, Chicago, 1999


Did you read your own link?

Apparently you did not read far enough to see what the ancient writers had to say, nor did you reach the summary:

Summary
In sum, the evidence for the historical evidence for Jesus is non-existent:
1)There are no proven, legitimate references to the existence of Jesus in any contemporary source outside of the New Testament.
2)The New Testament accounts do not provide a real 'biography' for Jesus. The early writings imply only that he was a divine figure and consistently fail to locate Jesus in any chronological setting; they also fail to cite those sayings attributed to him in the (later) Gospels, even when they are wholly applicable.
3)The existence of Jesus is not necessary to explain the origin or growth of Christianity.
 

godnotgod

Thou art That
The story of Jesus points to pre 70 C.E.
Actually, one can be fairly certain what are the earliest parts of the Jesus story. Let's assume for a second that no one really had a clue where Jesus was from. Where is the most logical place to put as his hometown then? Bethlehem. That is where the Messiah was expected to come from.

If you were born in San Francisco, and then your parents immediately took you to San Diego where you lived the first 12 years of your life, which is your 'hometown'? SF or SD? Be honest.

Why put Jesus in some hamlet that no one knows about? The only logical reason is because that is where he was from.

No one is 'putting' him there. The Bible itself is putting him there.



When we see the Gospels agreeing on something like this, Jesus being raised in Nazareth, much more credibility. One of the reasons is because it was seen as problem some to early Christians. Matthew and Luke both jump through hoops in order to get Jesus to Bethlehem to be born. Matthew even puts Joseph and Mary living in Bethlehem. John tells us that the opposition to Jesus attacked Jesus because he was from Nazareth, and not the expected Bethlehem. John then has to defend that. More so, John also tells us that there was doubt about Jesus as supposedly, nothing good could come from Nazareth. It definitely was not the type of town one would place the Messiah if they had a choice.

Simply, if Nazareth didn't exist, Jesus would not have been placed there. If people didn't know where Jesus was from, they would not have placed him there. The most logical place for his upbringing, if people were just making it up, was Bethlehem. There would be no reason to put him in Nazareth, especially when it is so problem some.
Why though? If we assume for a second that Nazareth did not exist, the earliest Christians then would have naturally thought he was born and raised somewhere else. The most likely candidate is Bethlehem, where the Messiah was expected to come from. This idea was so strong that Luke and Matthew jump through hoops just to make it so, and John defends the notion that Jesus was not born there.

Now why would the earliest Christians, on the notion of Joe Blow here, change their minds and put Jesus being born in some hamlet of a place, that causes multiple problems? If the city did not exist until later on, how would they even come up with the idea? Because naturally, the story of Jesus would have spread, and his birth place would have been mentioned a little. And if it was going to be made up, it definitely would not have been placed in Nazareth. It most likely would have been in Bethlehem.

Unless somewhere along the line he may have become confused with Yeshua who lived at Mt. Carmel, just 10 miles away from Nazareth. After all, the name of Yeshua was mistranslated twice. Yashua-Yeshua is a Hebrew-Aramaic name which has been transliterated into Greek as Iesous (IhsouV: pronounced ee-ay-SUS or ee-ah-ZOOS). The English "Jesus" comes from the Latin transliteration of the Greek name into the Latin Iesus. Furthermore, the letter 'J' did not come into existence until the 17th century, so no one spoke the name 'Jesus' before that time. The real original name of 'Yeshua' actually means 'savior', while the name 'Jesus' has no meaning whatsoever. If his name can be so easily corrupted, think how easy it is for his hometown to be mistaken. Living only 10 miles away from what is now Nazareth, and belonging to the Nazerene-Essene sect can easily serve to make it appear that he was from 'Nazareth'. The confusion comes due to mistaking his sect as a Nazarene with a place name: 'and he shall be called a Nazarene' refers to his sect, not his hometown. That no evidence for a 1st century Nazareth supports this idea. That the Essene monastery at Mt. Carmel existed also supports it.

And really, we do have pre-70 C.E. evidence for Nazareth. Mark, who was writing in 70 C.E., or maybe even sooner, states that Jesus was from Nazareth as well. It is highly unlikely that Mark would have created such a story, as it serves him no purpose.

So why is there no archaeological evidence to support his claim? Could he have been referring to Mt. Carmel and the Nazarenes? Mark's writings are not 'evidence' since the Bible is not a historical document. All we know is that Mark is referring to something he thinks is 'Nazareth'. Once one person makes a mistake, it is easily replicated by word of mouth, and which could account for the various references to Nazareth as a town or city in the NT.

The thing is though, different books have a tendency to contradict each other since perspectives are different. I have read many biographies on Harry Houdini, and I can't tell you how many contradictions are even in those accounts. It is no surprise to see contradictions.

Houdini's authors are not prophets and do not claim to be divinely inspired as the writers of the Bible are supposed to be. The Bible is about God and claims to be innerant. It is obviously not and cannot be considered to be a reliable source of information.
*****
 

fallingblood

Agnostic Theist
we know the bible has false statements regarding the jesus/yeshua charactor.

we have made up theology and no one discounts this. So I persoanlly need more then scripture.



Im reaching now,,,,,, what if they placed him in a small obscure village because then no one could challenge any of his early history theology built. I mean the child jesus is made up theology, so why would not the town they placed him in not be made up as well.

fact is, they didnt know anything about jesus pre 30 years old. bethelhem is made up, his childhood is made up, yet im supposed to fall for his location of pre 30 history the authors are guessing on.


All im saying is I need more then what we have to make any statements with certainty
Again, why? Why place him in an obscure village at all? What purpose does it serve? And why do so when it causes so many problems?

More so, Mark, and John never mention Jesus's childhood. They simply state that Jesus was from Nazareth. And that is not something that would be unreasonable to know. In fact, it is logical that people knew where Jesus came from, where he grew up.
 

Tellurian

Active Member
quagmire

You didn't bother to read the link I gave you did you.

I tried. It went on for several pages, and I read most of it, but the writer kept coming to silly conclusions that were not based on the evidence. He was merely coming to conclusions that were already part of his beliefs and were not logical or rational based on the evidence. He also was not including several factors that disputed his beliefs.
 

Quagmire

Imaginary talking monkey
Staff member
Premium Member
OK, lets try this:

It doesn't take an expert to see that the TF as we have it now is the result two different hands. The interpolations are obvious, clumsy, out of context, and completely inconsistent with Josephus' style and personal beliefs.

So a cpl of questions:

If Eusebious were going to fabricate a Josephus passage out of thin air:

1. Why would he make the interpolations so obvious? and

2. Why would there be interpolations to begin with? What I mean is if someone were going to create a passage whole cloth and try to pass it off as the work of Josephus (or anyone else) why would they insert obvious interpolations into their own forgery?

Ruling out the possibility that Eusebious wrote the TF one afternoon then went out that evening, got drunk off his kiester and came back and edited it while he was three sheets to the wind, how do you explain any of the above?
 

Quagmire

Imaginary talking monkey
Staff member
Premium Member
quagmire



I tried. It went on for several pages, and I read most of it, but the writer kept coming to silly conclusions that were not based on the evidence. He was merely coming to conclusions that were already part of his beliefs and were not logical or rational based on the evidence. He also was not including several factors that disputed his beliefs.

Like I said: you didn't read any of it, did you.
 

outhouse

Atheistically
Again, why? Why place him in an obscure village at all? What purpose does it serve? And why do so when it causes so many problems?

More so, Mark, and John never mention Jesus's childhood. They simply state that Jesus was from Nazareth. And that is not something that would be unreasonable to know. In fact, it is logical that people knew where Jesus came from, where he grew up.

john is not relevant since he probably copied from earlier sources.


why? good question

why state he ascended, why state he walked on water, they stated allot of things that were not true. its added theology, they had to build his history since they did not know the first thing about it.

because they created his history doesnt mean it was right
 

Tellurian

Active Member
OK, lets try this:

It doesn't take an expert to see that the TF as we have it now is the result two different hands. The interpolations are obvious, clumsy, out of context, and completely inconsistent with Josephus' style and personal beliefs.

So a cpl of questions:

If Eusebious were going to fabricate a Josephus passage out of thin air:

1. Why would he make the interpolations so obvious? and

2. Why would there be interpolations to begin with? What I mean is if someone were going to create a passage whole cloth and try to pass it off as the work of Josephus (or anyone else) why would they insert obvious interpolations into their own forgery?

Ruling out the possibility that Eusebious wrote the TF one afternoon then went out that evening, got drunk off his kiester and came back and edited it while he was three sheets to the wind, how do you explain any of the above?

Perhaps Eusebius came to realize that his biblical Jesus was actually a fictional character, and he decided to try to make him look legitimate by incorporating mention of him in the works of a respected first century historian who was not a Christian, thus supposedly providing some outside verification for the existence of Jesus. Perhaps Eusebius felt he had to add very affirmative passages because the biblical Jesus had supposedly been very convincing. Of course I am just speculating as I have no records with Eusebius explaining why he did what he did.
 

fallingblood

Agnostic Theist
fallingblood


I am somewhat surprised to learn how much you do NOT know about biblical scholarship. The Jesus passages in the works of Josephus have been determined to be redacted forgeries added sometime around the beginning of the 4th century, more than 200 years AFTER Josephus had died. The main suspect for adding those passages is Eusebius, the bishop of Caesarea, also known as Eusebius the LIAR because in his works he advocated lying in order to help promote the cause of Christianity.
Here: http://www.religiousforums.com/forum/general-religious-debates/107541-josephus-jesus.html
Quagmire already posted this link, but I will post it again as it is my argument against what you're saying. Obviously, I'm not going to post it in this thread, as it is quite long. However, I show beyond a doubt that Josephus did write about Jesus, and I do so by relying on credible scholarship.

More so, the shorter passage in Josephus is nearly universally recognized as authentic. And if you look at the scholarship on the subject of the TF, you will see that the vast majority of scholars also accept it as being partially authentic. In all, maybe a dozen authors would label it as a complete forgery (among those, three or four can even be considered scholars).
When the writers of the gospel stories were creating the biblical Jesus character they used several different real persons as the bases for the fictional biblical Jesus they were creating. One of the real persons used to help create the fictional Jesus was Yeshu ben Pantera, aka Jesus son of Panther, whose story is found in the works of the Greek historian Celsus and in the Talmud, particularly section Sanhedrin 43a.
Celsus was hardly a historian when it came to Jesus. More so, Celsus does not deny that Jesus, the one of the Bible, existed. In fact, he accepted that Jesus had existed. He did pass on the idea that Jesus's father was a Roman soldier; however, if one actually compares what Celsus stated, compared to the actual Jewish records we have, it is hard to know what his source is. For one, the Talmud did not exist during that time (so no, he was not using the Talmud as a source, and he never claims such). In addition, Celsus never equates Jesus with Yeshu ben Pantera. Again, Celsus was not relying on the Talmud. The two stories may have a similar background source, but there are differences. More so, both are hardly credible when discussing Jesus.

For one, Celsus was simply attacking Jesus and Christianity as he had little to no toleration for the group. The bias that he has is so thick, one would need dynamite to even crack it.
John the Baptist was included because he was a REAL person, and associating the fictional biblical Jesus with John made it look like the Jesus character had been real also. Plus, John still had a following after his death and the gospel story made it look like the fictional Jesus had become John's successor.
No. The New Testament in no way tries to make Jesus look like the successor to John. And really, the story of John and Jesus is an embarrassment. It is such an embarrassment that the Gospel writers nearly fall over themselves trying to explain it away. Jesus being baptized by anyone is an embarrassing ordeal for many Christians. There is no reason, if the story isn't true, that it would ever have been added to the Jesus story.

The only reason it was included is simply because it was so known. And it posed a problem for early Christians. That is why the Gospel writers try to explain it away. That is also why the Gospels stress that Jesus was more than John. They downplayed John.

In no way though did the Gospels make Jesus the successor of John. They tried to disconnect John and Jesus to a point.
There is absolutely NO evidence that the gospel called Mark was written in the first century. It is only speculation and "belief" of many Christians who simply want to believe it was written in the first century.
Actually, for many Christians who just want to believe it is early, they would be shocked to hear it had such a late date. In fact, even agnostic, Islamic, Jewish, etc scholars agree that it was written around 70 C.E. This just goes to show that your argument doesn't hold water.

Textual evidence points to the Gospels being written in the first century. That is why virtually all scholars, regardless of faith, accept that.
There is absolutely NO evidence that the gospel called John was written in the first century. Again, it is only speculation and the "belief" of many Christians who simply want to believe it was written in the first century.
See above. Your argument fails as soon as one realizes that Muslims, Jews, agnostics, and atheists all put the Gospels in the first century.
The oldest evidence of any letters of Saul/Paul comes from where? It comes from the New Testament created by Marcion. Why would Marcion have included ten letters from Saul/Paul that disagreed with the Isu Chrestos in his Euangelion? Obviously the letters of Saul/Paul in Marcion's bible would have agreed with the other statements about Isu Chrestos, or else the letters would not have been included. We know today that some of the letters that supposedly came from Saul/Paul are actually forgeries because they were written after Saul/Paul had supposedly died, and they have a completely different writing style and a contradictory message.
Marcion's collection of letters of Paul were highly edited in order to fit his ideas. As for the letters of Paul that are forgeries, that is no surprise, and that is why scholars have recognized that for quite some time. It really doesn't take anything away. In fact, it has helped quite a bit as we now know what Paul was actually teaching.

Again, Marcion edited the books that were in his canon. There is no doubt about that.
I assume you are referring to the Ryland papyrus P52. Dating it to early second century is only based on the "style" of the writing, whereas the paleographic evidence places its origin in the second half of the second century. The small fragment comes from a codex and not from a scroll. which would also indicate it came from the later half of the second century at the earliest. Again, this is just another example of some Christians simply wanting to believe it comes from an earlier time.
Again, not only Christians are dating it to around 125 C.E. That is the accepted date among scholars in general, regardless of faith. Simply dismissing it because Christians also agree on it (and in fact, most Christians have never heard of it) is ridiculous.

Codicies were used possibly starting in the end of the first century. They were used in the early second century as well. More so, the paleographic evidence is extremely wide. It places the codex to around 100 C.E. to 150 C.E. It certainly doesn't show that it was definitely or even most likely after 125 C.E. You need to do more research on the subject.
That is merely speculation and belief, and it is not based on any evidence.
Except it is. It is based on more evidence than anything you have presented yet.
 

fallingblood

Agnostic Theist
quagmire



I tried. It went on for several pages, and I read most of it, but the writer kept coming to silly conclusions that were not based on the evidence. He was merely coming to conclusions that were already part of his beliefs and were not logical or rational based on the evidence. He also was not including several factors that disputed his beliefs.
So you didn't read it all. And please point out my flaws. Put up, or shut up. Just dismissing me for an asinine reason is ridiculous.

And really, you have no idea what my beliefs are, so you might as well just remain silent there. Also, please provide the factors I'm missing, as I would be happy to address them as well.

Instead of just trying to dismiss me for no logical reason, show what is wrong with what I wrote.
 

fallingblood

Agnostic Theist
john is not relevant since he probably copied from earlier sources.
That doesn't make him irrelevant. Any researcher will most likely rely on earlier sources. The fact that John was probably relying on earlier sources makes him even more relevant.
why? good question

why state he ascended, why state he walked on water, they stated allot of things that were not true. its added theology, they had to build his history since they did not know the first thing about it.

because they created his history doesnt mean it was right
There was no reason to create a history though. Look at Paul. He hardly mentions the earthly life of Jesus. He is more interested in the post-ressurrected Jesus. A history simply was not needed.

Now let's look at the idea of his miracles. They had a purpose. They do add credibility to Jesus to some. They add theology. Nazareth adds nothing but problems. They could have easier left it out. It would have been very easy to both Mark and John. It really doesn't add history in those accounts.

It certainly didn't add theology. It added nothing but problems.
 
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