Before I add my two cents on reform in Islam, I just want to say that I'm an Orthodox Muslim so my views are more conservative than that of the average Muslim.
I think that contemporary discourse has worked to establish a stereotypical image of the religiously committed Muslim, one that is ignorant of the affairs of the world, angry,rigid in their views and perceptions, and intolerant of the views of others. I think this image is unfair, but I don't want to totally disregard it. At the end of the day we Muslims are human,and we aren't immune to it.
Majority of Muslims( including the Orthodox Muslims) recognize the need to renew. A stagnation has taken place over centuries which has affected the development of Islamic juridical theory and laws.
Sheikh Abdul wahab Khalaf ( a 14th century Islamic Scholar from Azhar,Egypt)
said that the stagnation that took place in ijtihad could be attributed to four factors:
" 1) political division and infighting within the Muslim state that derailed scholars in all fields from developing their respective disciplines
2)
madhhab-based partisanship that made many scholars preoccupied with a keen interest in supporting their own madhab( school of thought).
3) The “
fatwa chaos” that the scholars had failed during that time to control, so they preemptively closed the door of
ijtihâd out of caution, which resulted in considerable stagnation
4) moral decay that affected many scholars, causing them to envy and disparage anyone who attempted independent
ijtihâd."
(
‘Ilm uṣool al-fiqh by Abdul Wahhâb Khallâf, p. 260.)
As a Muslim I'm not against renewal, the prophet Muhammad( peace be upon him) said in narration that at the turn of every century Allah sends to the nation “those who renew the religion for it.” So I don't think the one who calls for reform should be denounced, since the first one to use this term in this context was the Prophet Muhammad.
I do think that the discussion should be about the intended meaning of this reform. We should clarify what we mean with reform to actually have a productive dialogue. How do we renew a religion? And does this give us( Muslims) the freedom to change the Divine revelation?
I'll explain my view point, and I hope others can share theirs ( if you are still reading this
).
As Muslims we believe God revealed the Quran, and we acknowledge its infallibility, this is part of our fundamental beliefs. We believe God is above any error,so the default status in Islam is that it remains unchanging. But our interpretation and the discourse that surrounds thr texts should not be treated as sacred because it's a human product. What we( sunni Muslims) view as
infallible is the actual text of the Quran and Sunnah.
So most of what is meant by renewal is actually restoration. But aside from that there's something called ijtihad based renewal. This is what Islamic Scholars mean when they say " The change in rulings due to the change in times is not to be denounced."
I think renewal is mostly needed in
in the areas of governance, public policy, international relations, judiciary proceedings,interpersonal relations and relations with people of different theological orientations and religious affiliations. The ijtihad based renewal is something that we can't longer avoid as Muslims.
Our misunderstanding of some of our religious teachings may be contributing to the lack of righteous governance and the level of corruption in some of the Muslim countries. I know that many of us Muslims are uncomfortable when we talk about this, it's because we often fear the unknown, and many of those calling to reform are quick to dismiss the jurists of Islam and the established tradition.
I don't want to make this post too long, if we want to have a productive dialogue on reform we need to ask each other the right questions, and be prepared to listen to what the other has to say. Sadly this doesn't happen much online and offline.