Maybe I didn't understand something. The OP was right! In other words, nothing proves evolution. (Thanks.)
And in all the years that you have been here, you still haven’t learned your repeated errors that PROOFS aren’t the same as EVIDENCE.
Sciences don’t “PROVE” any hypothesis or theory, they “TEST” the hypothesis or theory with observations of evidence or observations within experiments.
Proof is only a LOGICAL STATEMENT or LOGICAL MODEL, often expressed in the forms of mathematical “equation” or “set of equations”.
The terms “proof” and “prove” are mathematical terminology which can be used as parts of the explanations or parts of the predictions within a hypothesis or a theory, but mathematical equations (thus proofs) are not themselves evidence. Equations aren’t true, until they are tested using evidence.
When you ask people “to prove” some things, you would’ve trying to solve equation or the set of equations. Proving the equations, may involved some works of solving equations, through -
- simplifying the equation,
- unifying a set of equations into a single larger or small equation (depending on its purpose),
- or breaking down a single complex equation into a set of multiple smaller, manageable equations
- Etc
The following examples are proofs expressed in forms of mathematical equations:
The equation in Isaac Newton’s law of universal gravitation...
...that’s what a mathematical proof looks like, it’s not evidence.
There are whole bunch of equations in Newton’s Laws of Motion (eg 2nd Law: F = m a), these equations are proofs, but they are not evidence.
Einstein’s famous mass-energy equivalence equation in Special Relativity (E = m c^2) is proof, it’s not evidence.
There are 10 equations in Einstein’s General Relativity, called Einstein’s field equations, like this one...
...they are all proofs, they are not evidence.
Ohm’s Law (I = V R) is proof, not evidence.
I can go on, but you should get the picture as to what mathematical proofs are.
None of these equations (proofs) are true scientifically, unless you can support each one of them with physical evidence or with experiments.
Evidence are often physical, which can be observed or detected, and they should provide information (eg DATA) about them, data like -
- measurements of dimensions (eg length, width, etc),
- using those dimensions to calculate area, volume,
- measure their masses and densities,
- detect & measure electric current or voltage using multimeters,
- using oscilloscope to detect & measure electromagnetic waves like frequencies & wavelengths,
- measuring the speed of object, using speed camera, or back in the old days, calculate velocity and acceleration, by measuring the distance travel and using stop watch to measure time it took for object to travel that distance,
- you can take pictures of evidence or record every evidence on video, those pictures and videos would be themselves “evidence” & “data”.
- etc,
Like I said evidence should provide observations and information of the physical phenomena.
And those evidence and data are, what are used to test a hypothesis or theory, not mathematical equations. The evidence and data should either verify or refute a new hypothesis or current theory.
In fact evidence and data can be used to test equations (mathematical proofs), so evidence can actually be use to verify or refute the equations/proofs.
To give you an example of what are evidence in biology: autopsy of someone who had recently died. You can do an external examinations (which is normally the first step in any medical examination) or you can open the person up. Every measurements taken, every photos & every x-ray taken, every test done on blood or parts on the body (eg DNA tests, tox screen, alcohol levels, drug tests, fingerprints, teeth X-ray, etc) are all evidence and data to identify the person or identify how the person died (cause of death, eg natural cause, diseases, drug overdose, accidental death, murder, etc).
If it was homicide, you should again, be able to find evidence, like bullets, wounds from blade, blunt force weapons, poison, strangulation, etc.
Then there are other ways to identify who that person is, such as person may have driver’s license, passport, hospital records, tax records, criminal records, qualifications, etc, are all evidence and these will have information (data) about the person, like name, address, phone numbers, date & place of birth, etc.
Do I need to go on with list of evidence and data obtained from evidence or tests?
Like Neuropteron, you don’t understand the difference between proof and evidence, between proving and testing. They are not the same things (especially for scientists and mathematicians), and until you and Neuropteron learn the differences, you are both science-illiterate and maths-illiterate people.
So please, stop making the same mistakes over and over again, because confusion and stubborn ignorance are not a pretty sight.