What are your three favorite books on Syro-Palestinian Archaeology?
Let us start with Bart Ehrman's questioning the historicity of Exodus. I believe his question concerning the lack of evidence and conflicting archeological evidence for a historical evidence. The first question is the inflated number of Hebrews involved. I will post a series of references for his analysis of the historical evidence:
[cite=[URL="https://ehrmanblog.org/historical-problems-with-the-hebrew-bible-the-exodus-narrative-for-members/"]Historical Problems with the Hebrew Bible: The Exodus Narrative[/URL]]
Exodus from a Historical Perspective
It has proved difficult for biblical scholars to establish when these events are to have taken place. The most common dating of the exodus event places it around 1250 BCE, both because the text indicates that the Israelites had been in Egypt for 430 years (which would coincide roughly with the narrative of Genesis, when Joseph would have gone to Egypt at the beginning of the 17th century BCE, according to the chronology we adopted there) and because of two other considerations.
The first is a hint provided in Exod. 1:11, that the Hebrew slaves were forced to build the cities of Pi-Ramses and Pithon; both cities actually were rebuilt or reoccupied in the mid-13th century BCE. The second is an archaeological discovery of a stele (a stone pillar) erected at the end of the 13th century by the Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah (who ruled 1213-1203 BCE). On this stele is an inscription in which the Pharaoh boasts that he has conquered various other nations, including the land of Israel: “Israel is laid waste, its seed is not.” This is the earliest reference from outside the Bible to anything having to do with Israel or the Bible itself, and so is very valuable. What it shows beyond reasonable dispute is that Israel existed, as a recognizable people, in the land, sometime in the late 13th century. If the events celebrated in the book of Exodus happened sometime soon before this, then they are probably to be dated to the mid 13th century. If that is the case, then it was Menerptah’s grandfather, Pharaoh Seti I (1294-1279) who would have first enslaved the Israelites, and his son Seti’s son, Ramses II (1279-1213) who would have been the Pharaoh at the time of the exodus.
But you may well be wondering: if according to the book of Exodus Pharaoh and his the “entire army” (see 14:6, 9, 23) were destroyed in the Sea of Reeds, how is it that Egypt was still such a major military power afterwards and that Pharaoh Merneptah could have conquered so many lands, as attested on the Merneptah stele?
That is in fact a problem with this narrative. And it is not the only one. Biblical scholars have long identified a number of difficulties that the exodus account presents– making it hard to think that everything happened as it is described in the book. As was the case with the ancestral narratives of Genesis, we may be dealing with legends, not with objective historical facts. Consider the following issues: [/cite]
The problem of these issues will follow.
And what does any of this have to do with the specious claim that "it seems that the exodus may have been based on an actual exodus from Babylon"?
The parallel is possible, because the exodus from Babylon is historically reasonably documented, and the exodus has no consistent evidence to support it, and there are too many contradictions with the archeological evidence and the account.
In the region of the Hills of Judah and Palestine there is no evidence of an invasion that corresponds to the claim of exodus.