Modern Zionism refers to political statehood and was at first advanced largely by secular Jews (but there were always some Orthodox Jews and more joined with time). However, Zionism has a much longer history and goes back much farther than its late 19th century counterpart. Jewish aspirations for returning to the Land of Israel have been around for many centuries. In fact, in the 16th century
Don Joseph Nasi effectively tried to create a Jewish autonomy under Ottoman rule in Tiberias. The many failed Jewish messiahs also reflect this longing to revitalize the Jewish homeland; some of these messiahs announced that they would lead armies to reconquer the land. And, of course, Jews have always moved from the diaspora to the Land of Israel. It was more difficult in the Middle Ages for many reasons, but there was always a Jewish population in the land and always a trickle or more of Jews coming in, either as visitors or with the hopes of establishing permanent residency. It was very common for Jews to kiss the ground when they first came to the land, because the land is holy. We have textual evidence of this custom going back to Antiquity. Many Jewish authors have written over the millennia on the importance of moving to Israel and reestablishing the Jewish kingdom there.
True, Modern Zionism is connected to 19th and 20th century nationalistic movements, but it has deeply historical roots in Judaism and Jewish history.