it is actually impossible to prove that a god does not exist, in the absolute sense, that is. Which is no indication that one possibly or even likely may indeed exist.
Religion is not a science by any stretch. And the other things you listed are all scientific disciplines in and of themselves that have nothing to do with religion.
What I find odd is just because someone makes a claim that god exists and it becomes popular doesn't mean we have to entertain the fact he may or may not. Unless one is raised into a faith and left it, so that is all he or she knows, I don't see how a claim of something's existence means we have to not rule out the object it does not exist. We don't do that with fictional characters, yet we do with god. Why is that?
The latter, yes, they have to do specifically with religion. Religion is based on the beliefs, cultures, language, and location in which individuals and more commonly communities come together to find purpose and meaning in life and how to live it.
Psychology addresses the need to find a purpose. When one needs to find purpose or experiences things that cannot be explained, the mind, based on prior knowledge and experiences may attribute these experiences to god or to anything, really. I wouldn't rule out how psychology plays a huge part in one's
belief.
The study of archeology or human history by physical artifacts in a given geographical environment helps shape religion. What did people practice? How did they practice? How does their history and culture contribute to their belief systems?
Sociology is also a given. The study of society and community of people. This shapes how religion forms and how people relate to others and their environment. Psychology views self and sociology focuses on others. This is how doctrines, dogma, and traditions are formed in addition to the above.
Theology and philosophy are given. Anthropology can be added with archeology.
Traditions depend on the above and traditions make up a religion.
Dogma or teachings are passed on orally and/or written to keep the traditions and practices in society. The study of such are above.
Rituals form within a given society. Rites of passage is one of many rituals that let society have a sense of routine and connection.
Spirit/energy or metaphysics are just different experiences and ways to describe the unknown. Depending on the religion and their make up above, depends on how they define their experiences and relationship with self and their community.
Beliefs are opinions or worldviews we take up fact or not. They are usually based on all I mentioned above.
It is all common sense and has nothing specifically to do with one religion god or not. It's just practices that have traditions, rituals, and beliefs that shape people's lives, give them purpose, connection, and sense of community and/or connection with self.
Religion comes from us.
These studies define religion.
