SoulTYPE01 said:
Isn't there a form of English before shakespeare?
Yes, our earliest English is a dialect of Anglo-Saxon and is called "Old English." This dialect was highly inflected. This means that the words changed according to their usage in the sentance. If I said "ship" it would be "scip." If I were to say "On ship," it would be "on scipe." If I were to say "ships," it would be "scipes," and so on. It also had numerous other differences (like a different 2nd person pronoun for singular and plural).
Beowulf and King Aelfrid's histories are in this language. There are also still some extant translations of the Bible. Very few of us could even begin to read them, though.
In the 11th century, the Normans conquered England, and the result of this is called "Middle English." In this time period, English changed
radically. It lost most of its inflection, so that words became formed a lot more like they are today. It also gradually lost the distinction between "thu" ("thee") and "you," wherein they both collapsed into "you." This is probably a result of the fact that the Normans had a formal and informal "you." The meshing of the two caused our "thu/thee" to vanish.
Its vocabulary changed fundamentally. Words from Norman and Latin flooded into English and many of the older words were replaced. It also created word connotations that changed with the class of people using it (English common folk, Latin clergy, and Norman nobles), so that we get sets of three words that mean the same thing, but are subtley different, such as "kingly," "regal," and "royal." They are all technically the same thing...but they're different.
Middle English is
much closer to ours, and is quite readable to us. The most immanent example of this is Chaucer.
Starting in the 13th century, the language's pronunciation began to change dramatically. This occured to all Germanic languages, and I have no clue why (I can barely make my way through Middle English and read patches of Old, and none of the others). "Sheep" was pronounced like "shape" before this, but the change in pronunciation changed how all our vowels were pronounced. The result of this is "Modern English," our language. Shakespeare, Mark Twain, the KJV, and Stephen King are all part of this phase of English.