Brickjectivity,,,,Here are the answers you requested. First,,, David and the showbread: The show bread was placed in the Sanctuary. Every Sabbath it was replaced by the Priests. The Priests were permitted to eat this holy bread after it was replaced with fresh loaves. Jesus is teaching that human needs are more important than rituals. Jesus loves mercy. God defaults to being merciful over and over. In Matthew 12:7 we see that Jesus quotes the Book of Hosea when He says "I desire mercy and not sacrifice.." Hosea 6:6. Also Jesus is the Creator, which makes Him "Lord of the Sabbath". In other words, He can do and forgive as He pleases. His Grace is sufficient.
Your next question was: Why does Paul claim to die to the law? The penalty for breaking the Law of God (10 Commandments) is eternal death. Since we all have broken that law, we are all worthy of it's wages which are eternal death. So,, in essence Paul is teaching that we were married to that law and beholden to it and it's consequences, death! Just like a person is beholden to their spouse in a marriage until the spouse dies and frees you from that marriage, (until death do we part). Here comes Jesus who dies on a cross and frees us from the law of sin and death. That does not mean we are free to sin as we please,,, it just means we are free from the consequences of breaking God's Law. Jesus paid the penalty for us,, so we are no longer bound to the consequences of breaking God's law, which is Eternal Death. All who place their hope and faith in Jesus are now married to Him and not the law of sin and death! All who clothe themselves with Christ and His Righteousness have DIED TO THE LAW!
The Jews have always had a problem thinking that they were better than everybody else. The Jews loved to think that they alone would be the beneficiaries of God's Salvation. So,, many of the Jewish converts were jealous of the Gentile converts. The Jews loved their ceremonial laws. These laws were made null & void by the Crucifixion of Jesus. Some of the Jewish converts were teaching that the Gentile converts needed to be circumcised and until they were they were deemed unclean. The vision given to Peter by God showed that the same Holy Spirit that was given to the Jews was also given to the Gentiles, warning Peter that he was not to regard one as inferior to the other, for the Blood of Christ can cleanse from all uncleanness! So the Council came up with some changes for the Gentile converts. They would not need to be circumcised. The Gentiles also had many heathen practices. The Jewish converts were afraid that many of these practices would bring Christianity into disrepute. The Gentiles were accustomed to eating the flesh of animals that were strangled, while the Jews were divinely instructed that when beasts were killed for food particular care was taken that the blood should flow from the body, otherwise the meat would not be deemed as wholesome. Many of the Gentile converts were still involved and living with others who made frequent sacrifices & offerings to idols. So, the council came up with some guidelines for the Gentile converts. "that you abstain from things offered to idols, from blood, from things strangled, and from sexual immorality. They were urged to keep the Commandments and lead holy lives. As they continued to meet on Sabbath (Acts 13:42,44) with their Jewish brothers and sisters, they would learn everything God wanted them to know.
I don't understand why you believe that it is okay to break God's laws. It's not. Breaking the law of God is what got us all in this mess and why Jesus came and suffered and died on a Cross. The day is coming soon when God's law will be made void and the book of Psalm warns us of that day. When they make a law enforcing the Mark of the Beast, it is then that God shall act and the plagues shall fall. "It is time for you to act , O Lord, for they have regarded Your law as void." Psalm 119:126
And what does the next verse tell us? "Therefore, I love Your commandments. More than gold, yes, than fine gold." Psalm 119:127