Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa and Mohammad in Surah 33 and 42.
In Surah 33, we read
The Prophet has more right/authority over the believers then themselves, and his wives are (as if) their mothers, and the possessors of family/blood relationship/kinship, some of them have more right/authority then others, in the book of God, from the travellers/emigrants and the believers - only that you to your Masters/Authorities (Awliya) do goodness - indeed this is written in the book. And when God took the covenant of the Prophets and with you, and from Noah and Abraham and Moses and Jesus son of Mary and we took them a firm covenant. That he may question the truthful for their truthfulness and has prepared the disbelievers a painful chastisement. (33:6-8)
The chapter goes on to remind: "God only desires to make the uncleanness to be off of you o people of the House and purify you a (thorough) purification" (33:33) And that with respect to those people attribute purity to as opposed to who God declares pure and purifies in the minds of humans with proofs, "we follow our great ones and leaders so they lead us astray from the path" and says "Indeed we gave the trust to heavens and earth and mountains and they refused to carry it, and the human has carried it, indeed he was (in this regard) ignorant, unjust"
The authority and right of the Prophet (s) to be followed and loved to the degree of relying on his guidance to rely on God's guidance, and his station of leadership, is something that we don't get to choose. We don't choose who is leader and represents God. He and his family/possessors of kinship are high above others but it's God who manifests them, they were not manifested through human reputation.
Nuh, Ibrahim, and Musa and Isa are named and mentioned to emphasize on disputes. In this regard, breaking the covenant of the Prophets is emphasized after 33:6, and so the Wilayat of Mohammad (s) and his family (a) can similarly be broken and that covenant not fulfilled.
In chapter 42, we read similarly:
And those who take Awliya other then him, God is a guardian over them, and you aren’t responsible over them. And thus we revealed an Arabic Recitation, that you may warn the mother of the towns, and those around it, and warn about the day of gathering, there is no doubt concerning it, a portion in the garden and a portion in the blaze. And if God wished, he would have made them into one nation, but rather, he enters who he wants in his mercy, and the oppressors/unjust, will have no Wali nor a helper.
Or is that they’ve taken Awliya other then Him? Then verily God is the Wali and he gives life to the dead and he has power over all things.
The tone so far is clearly about establishing and clarifying a Wilayah God has with his creatures and humans that are not meant to be given to others.
And whatever you dispute about with regards to anything then the judgment is for God, that is God my Lord, upon Him to do I rely and to Him do I turn. The originator of the heavens and the earth, he has made from yourselves mates and from the cattle mates, He warns you there is nothing like Him And he is the Hearing Seeing. To him belongs the keys of the heavens and the earth he amplifies in sustenance who he wishes and measures, indeed he has knowledge of all things.
This will be repeatedly reminded that God is the sustainer and God in this chapter links to this unique relationship he has, and with the need of guidance from Him. The judgment belongs to God and here its’ emphasizing its not Mohammad’s judgment, but God’s judgment is that which we need to implement, and so while God’s judgment is revealed through Mohammad, the intention is that God is the judge.
He has explained for you the religion of what he enjoined Nuh, and that which we revealed to you, and what we enjoined upon Ibrahim, and Musa and Isa; In that uphold the religion and to not split regarding it, greatly hard is for those who associate what you call them to; God distinguishes for himself who he wishes and guides to him who turns.
The theme of this Surah is thus going to be what has been enjoined in all times which is submission to God, and hence Wilayah of God includes this. But how do we submit, and “what we revealed to you” meaning, revelation of Mohamad is also an instance of where this principle is revealed and following what is revealed to Mohammad is to follow God. It emphasizes not to differ with respect to the religion and so we can see, if we are sincere to God and do not associate with Him, we will not differ with respect to the religion. Before it was said, God could have made us into one nation, but will enter who he wishes into his mercy.
And they didn’t split except after there came to them knowledge, out of rebellion between them, and were it not for a word preceding from God towards an appointed term, it would’ve been determined between them and those who inherited the book after them, are in a disquieting doubt concerning it.
The word preceding here is important, as we will see in 42:24. Again, we see God has a right to be adhered to and his religion united on, and that we do not split from the truth regarding it. We will see instructions on how not to split. As opposed to rebellion, we will be asked something else.
Thus go on inviting, and go straight as you are commanded, and do not follow their desires, and say I believe what has been revealed by God from a book, and I am commanded to do set justice between you, God is our Lord and your Lord, for us is our deeds and for you your deeds, there is no plea (as an excuse) between us and you God will bring us together and to Him is the goal.
Here it’s emphasizing God has commanded Mohammad to set justice in society and whatever has been revealed to him, is a book among many books that God has revealed in the past. And to everyone belongs their own responsibility and that God is the goal in all this.
So as for those who dispute regarding God after he has been responded to, there argument is nullified with their Lord and upon them is wrath and for them is a severe chastisement. It is God who revealed the book in Truth and the balance, and what may make you know the Hour maybe close?
This emphasizing again, that accepting or rejecting Mohamad is not about him, but about God. Since it’ God’s revelation and his words and him establishing a proof and it’s his Wilayah that is contended and that is all revealed in truth.
Those who do not believe in it would hasten it, while those who believe are afraid of it and know its the truth, indeed those who dispute regarding the hour are in a clear error. God is gracious to his servants, he sustains who he wishes, indeed God is Powerful, Mighty. Any who desires the tilth of the next world, we will increase him in his tilth, and whoever desires the tilth of this world, we give some of it and these will have no portion in the next world.
These are important verses in that, God can give two types of sustenance, one pertaining to this world and one pertaining to the next. His Wilayah is a guarantee for the next world, and its this regard disbelievers have no Wali, and its this sustenance that we should sacrifice worldly sustenance for.
You see the oppressors/unjust fearful by what they’ve earned and it’s to befall them, and those who believe and do good deeds are in the pleasures of the garden for them is what they wish from their Lord that is the great grace.
This contextualizes that God’s graciousness is that he wishes to give us everything we wish for but there are consequences for being an oppressor or unjust person. This was all making way, and so far, it is arguing the Wilayah of God is the goal in all this. Keeping this theme in mind, it has prepared the way to 42:23 nicely.
That is the good news that God gives his servants that believe and do good deeds. Say: No reward do I ask for it except the love in the kin and whoever does a goodness, we increase them therein in its beauty, verily God is Forgiving, Appreciative.
This is the verse, and we saw so far it emphasizes on God’s Wilayah, “love in the kin” is obviously connected to what God will forgive us and appreciate our deeds on account of by the ending, and to what is a goodness that God wishes to increase us in it’s beauty.
Somethings to mention about the word love here, is that this type is not the type in English where we can have for abstract things for example “I love to play video games”. This word is the type of love people have for other humans they appreciate, honor and have affection for. It is the type that includes affection. Just as it does not make sense to have compassion for abstract or non-living things, it is the same with this word.
Also, it is the disbelievers who see Mohammad as seeking a reward for the message, but then states that which they accuse him as the reward he seeks to be only love of the kinsfolk chosen by God and intertwined with his guidance.
Or do they say he has forged a lie against God? So, if God wishes, he can seal our heart and make the falsehood disappear, and establish the truth through his words, verily he is aware of the secret of the hearts.
This goes in line with the reward he seeks is not really a reward, but from the viewpoint of the disbelievers, Prophets look greedy for power, and put’s Mohammad on the defensive, and here God is advocating on his behalf, even if Mohammad was a forger, God still can make the falsehood disappear and verify the truth with his words, and so they would have to seek a different Prophet then him is all. Not that God would leave humans to themselves! The Quran is words from God, but in this regard, so is Mohammad, and so his family. They are words preceding from God as alluded to earlier and they are the living breathing Quran where its light resides.
Its saying Mohammad and his family were false, then where is the words of God by which he verifies the truth and makes falsehood disappear.
There would a kinsfolk to hold on to and love and get guided by no matter what. This is one way the Quran argues, that, there must be guidance from God and talks about the exact structure it must have. The structure of a divinely chosen kinsfolk is something that occurred in all times.