In starting the thread, I had in mind the red highlighted part from your post shown above. And I also had in mind an idea just opposite of the blue highlight. In my understanding, the biological scale is mental-sensual representational scale and is conditioned in a particular fashion.
Thanks for describing exactly what you mean by the value of applying concepts from relativity/spacetime to the theory of evolution (particularly as I'm sure you already did this at least once in this thread before, but I responded to the OP without reading most of the other posts, which is never a good idea but temptingly easy).
I have two points:
1. When I said that two clocks may not show same 'present', I meant the following, highlighted red below.
http://newt.phys.unsw.edu.au/einsteinlight/jw/module4_time_dilation.htm
Simultaneity
Having clocks that run at different rates leads to other strange effects: simultaneity is relative. Whether or not two things are simultaneous depends upon your frame of reference. The time order of events that are close together in time but distant in space can be different in different frames.
Right. Simultaneity is relative and there is no "now" in any absolute sense. However, ifs this were extended without qualification Einstein would have despised his own theories: relativity (special or general) would violate causality. As it is, although in general relativity there exists ways in which the formal framework of the theory can yield backwards causation and other causality violations, these have never been observed and aren't allowed in the spacetime of special relativity.
Simultaneous events can be defined for different observers who are "close enough" to be described/observed via experiment/observation (this is particularly easy with special relativity, as one can select an observers reference frame and construct a lightcone that will reveal what "now" is to that observer and its relation to the "now" of others whose "positions" in spacetime are known: every reference frame connected to the origin of the lightcone of a given reference frame are "nows" (and events falling into the timelike regions can't occur simultaneously for any observer).
On Earth, the differences between observers' lightcones are small enough that not only can we ignore them, it would be hard to detect them if we wanted to. As for living systems elsewhere in the universe, again special (and therefore general) relativity tell us we must ignore any would-be observers distant from the Earth until they "move" within the Earth's "lightcone". To illustrate, consider one useful thing that special relativity allows us to calculate: how far in our past the lightwaves from a star seen in our sky "now" were actually emitted. So, for example, when we observe a star dying (its light vanishing from the night sky) "now", we can use special relativity to determine how far in our past this event occurred from the "perspective" of the star and any observers nearby to the event of its "dying".
Likewise, if there exist entities on some distant planet, relativity tells us we can know NOTHING about them until they (or some signal) reaches us, and that this cannot happen faster-than-light. So an alien civilization may emerge, flourish, and die during some spacetime region that is separated from us by some time-like region, but we can't know anything about it or be influenced by it until, like the light from a star, some signal from this civilization becomes "now" for us.
Of course in context of a single reference frame, my question of OP is meaningless. But are we not assuming that there is no other reference but ours. How do we know for sure that there is no other frame 'right here and now'? My question is for such a hypothetical situation.
There are uncountably many different reference frames in every region of spacetime. Every person on Earth can be described by infinitely many reference frames, but we generally pick some useful point like center-of-mass and associate the reference frame for the system in question with that point. If "we" (humans) had only our own reference frame, we could never experimentally test or provide empirical support for relativity. It's just that observers on Earth are close enough in space to make differences among reference frames so infinitesimal we can't detect them unless they involve things moving close to the speed of light (e.g., light).
We are free to consider the 3D space and associated "past" and "future" that is "seen" by an observer far away from us in spacetime, but as we can't know anything about said observers until they or some signal from them enter into our "now", I don't see how this could matter from an evolutionary perspective (at least until/if some such signal is found).