Eliot,
Just read this and your understanding will be different. You will find all answers to your inquiries.
Quran
An-Nahl (no 16)
(35) The worshippers of false gods say: "If Allah had so willed, we should not have worshipped aught but Him - neither we nor our fathers, - nor should we have prescribed prohibitions other than His." So did those who went before them. But what is the mission of Messengers but to preach the Clear Message?
For We assuredly sent amongst every People a Messenger, (with the Command), "Serve Allah, and eschew Evil": of the people were some whom Allah guided, and some on whom Error became inevitably (established). So travel through the earth, and see what was the end of those who denied (the Truth).
If thou art anxious for their guidance, yet Allah guideth not such as He leaves to stray. And there is none to help them.
Quran
Al-Baqarah (The Cow) (no 2)
(213) Mankind was one single nation, and Allah sent Messengers with glad tidings and warnings; and with them He sent the Book in truth, to judge between people in matters wherein they differed; but the People of the Book, after the Clear Signs came to them, did not differ among themselves, except through selfish contumacy. Allah by His Grace guided the Believers to the Truth, concerning that wherein they differed. For Allah guides whom He will to a path that is straight.
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Quran
An-Nisaa (4)
(163) We have sent thee inspiration, as We sent it to Nuh and the Messengers after him: We sent inspiration to Ibrahim, Isma'il, Ishaq, Ya'qub, and the Tribes, to 'Isa, Ayyub, Yunus, Harun, and Sulaiman, and to Dawud We gave the Psalms.
Of some Messenger We have already told thee the story; of others We have not, and to Musa Allah spoke direct.
Messengers who gave good news as well as warning, that mankind, after (the coming) of the Messengers, should have no plea against Allah: for Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise.
O mankind! the Messenger hath come to you in truth from Allah: believe in him; it is best for you. But if ye rejected Faith, to Allah belong all things in the heavens and on earth: and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.
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Quran
Al-Kahf (no 18)
(54)we have explained in detail in this Qur-an, for the benefit of mankind, every kind of similitude: but man is, in most things, contentious.
And what is there to keep back men from believing, now that guidance has come to them, nor from praying for forgiveness from their Lord, but that (they ask that) the ways of the ancients be repeated with them, or the Wrath be brought to them face to face?
We only send the Messengers to give glad tidings and to give warnings: but the Unbelievers dispute with vain argument, in order therewith to weaken the Truth, and they treat My Signs as a jest, as also the fact that they are warned!
And who doth more wrong than one who is reminded of the Signs of his Lord, but turns away from them, forgetting the (deeds) which his hands have sent forth? Verily We have set veils over their hearts lest they should understand this, and over their ears, deafness. If thou callest them to guidance, even then will they never accept guidance.
But your Lord is Most Forgiving, Full of Mercy. If He were to call them (at once) to account for what they have earned, then surely He would have hastened their Punishment: but they have their appointed time, beyond which they will find no refuge.
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Quran
Al-Hajj (no 22)
(8) Yet there is among men such a one as disputes about Allah, without knowledge, without guidance, and without a Book of Enlightenment,
There are among men some who serve Allah, as it were, on the verge: if good befalls them, they are, therewith, well content; but if a trial comes to them, they turn on their faces; they lose both this world and the Hereafter: that is loss for all to see!
They call on such deities, besides Allah, as can neither hurt nor profit them: that is straying far indeed (from the Way)!
(Perhaps) they call on one whose hurt is nearer than his profit: evil, indeed, is the patron, and evil the companion (for help)!