1.6-0.5 million years:- the emergence of Homo Erectus (Upright Man)
My last post demonstrated the fossil and stone tool evidence from which scientists conclude that the earliest members of our genus (Homo) evolved from the Australopithecines 2 million years ago distinguished by more complex behavior and increase in brain. These species (Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis) also migrated out of Africa for the first time into West Asia where their fossils begin to crop up.
Brain size continues to increase over succeeding generations over time for the human lineage. This gradual evolutionary increase in brain size is clearly seen in the figure below. Creationists should also note the complete absence of anything abrupt in brain size, an excellent vindication of evolution as well as the hard work of paleontologists who have compiled such an excellent fossil record.
Between the crucial period of 1.6-0.5 million years, the most widespread species in the human genus is Homo Erectus or "Upright Man" . An extremely successful lineage, they are credited with developing sophisticated stone tool technology, the first use of fire and the colonization of both Europe and East Asia. Arising at around 1.7 million years in Africa, they are descended from the early Homo species and quickly spread through West Asia and India (1.4 million years), Indonesia (1.2 million years) and China (0.9 million years). During the period from 1.7 million years to 0.5 million years, their brain sizes grow from 700 cc to 900 cc and eventually to 1050 cc.
Innovations included carefully prepared stone tools (the hand-axes)
The first systematic use of fire for cooking by 1 million years.
http://discovermagazine.com/2013/ma...earliest-evidence-of-humans-cooking-with-fire
Lots of fossil evidence of Homo erectus have been found throughout Africa and Asia. Here is a complete skeleton of a 1.5 million year old adolescent boy (9 year old, 5 feet 3 inches) with brain size of 880 cc found in East Africa.
A complete skull of an adult female. 1.6 million years, also from East Africa
Notice the large brow-ridge even for a female despite the more human-like teeth and skull. Brain size 850 cc.
The discovery of a complete female pelvis has also shown that females were short and was already having fairly broad hips as the pelvis was getting broader to adjust to the increasing size of the baby's head. This evolution of a broader pelvis for females was also gradual. Homo Erectus females could deliver babies with heading having 315 cc brains, but its still smaller than the head size of our infants
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2008/11/14/2419711.htm
The expansion of Homo erectus to Indonesia by 1.4 mya and in China by 0.9 mya is also well documented by lots of fossils. Here is one 1.2 million old skull of H. erectus in Java with 1050 cc brain.
The basic differences between the skulls of a modern human and erectus is shown below.
But they still are a lot more similar in size and shape to later humans. One interesting factoid is they would be the first ones to sport a sharper looking nose extending out of the face, a bit like ours.
My last post demonstrated the fossil and stone tool evidence from which scientists conclude that the earliest members of our genus (Homo) evolved from the Australopithecines 2 million years ago distinguished by more complex behavior and increase in brain. These species (Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis) also migrated out of Africa for the first time into West Asia where their fossils begin to crop up.
Brain size continues to increase over succeeding generations over time for the human lineage. This gradual evolutionary increase in brain size is clearly seen in the figure below. Creationists should also note the complete absence of anything abrupt in brain size, an excellent vindication of evolution as well as the hard work of paleontologists who have compiled such an excellent fossil record.
Between the crucial period of 1.6-0.5 million years, the most widespread species in the human genus is Homo Erectus or "Upright Man" . An extremely successful lineage, they are credited with developing sophisticated stone tool technology, the first use of fire and the colonization of both Europe and East Asia. Arising at around 1.7 million years in Africa, they are descended from the early Homo species and quickly spread through West Asia and India (1.4 million years), Indonesia (1.2 million years) and China (0.9 million years). During the period from 1.7 million years to 0.5 million years, their brain sizes grow from 700 cc to 900 cc and eventually to 1050 cc.
Innovations included carefully prepared stone tools (the hand-axes)
The first systematic use of fire for cooking by 1 million years.
http://discovermagazine.com/2013/ma...earliest-evidence-of-humans-cooking-with-fire
Lots of fossil evidence of Homo erectus have been found throughout Africa and Asia. Here is a complete skeleton of a 1.5 million year old adolescent boy (9 year old, 5 feet 3 inches) with brain size of 880 cc found in East Africa.
A complete skull of an adult female. 1.6 million years, also from East Africa
Notice the large brow-ridge even for a female despite the more human-like teeth and skull. Brain size 850 cc.
The discovery of a complete female pelvis has also shown that females were short and was already having fairly broad hips as the pelvis was getting broader to adjust to the increasing size of the baby's head. This evolution of a broader pelvis for females was also gradual. Homo Erectus females could deliver babies with heading having 315 cc brains, but its still smaller than the head size of our infants
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2008/11/14/2419711.htm
The expansion of Homo erectus to Indonesia by 1.4 mya and in China by 0.9 mya is also well documented by lots of fossils. Here is one 1.2 million old skull of H. erectus in Java with 1050 cc brain.
The basic differences between the skulls of a modern human and erectus is shown below.
But they still are a lot more similar in size and shape to later humans. One interesting factoid is they would be the first ones to sport a sharper looking nose extending out of the face, a bit like ours.