I would like to know why Paul behaved so differently than Jesus. Did Jesus condemn the Jewish people? Did Jesus even dared judge them? So I don't understand why Paul did.
From the Epistle to the Romans
The following story is told in Matthew 15:21-28. A woman, from the coasts of Tyre and Sidon, follows Jesus and the disciples begging Jesus to heal her daughter. Jesus does nothing initially, and the disciples ask Jesus to send her away because she's being annoying.
Jesus then says to her, 'It is not meet to take the children's bread, and to cast it to dogs. And she said, Truth, Lord: yet the dogs eat of the crumbs which fall from the master's table. Then Jesus answered and said unto her, O woman, great is thy faith: be it unto thee even as thou wilt. And her daughter was made whole from that very hour.'
In John 1:11-13. 'He [Jesus] came unto his own [the Jews], and his own received him not. But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name: Which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.'
So Jesus came to his own but they rejected him as Messiah. The rejection is not complete in the Gospels because these books only deal with the life of Jesus up to the crucifixion and resurrection. In Acts, you have the continuing history of Paul trying to convince the Jewish Council, made up of both Pharisees and Sadducees, that Jesus is the promised Messiah. He fails to convince them. Afterwards it says, (Acts 23:11)'And the night following the Lord stood by him, and said, Be of good cheer, Paul: for as thou hast testified of me in Jerusalem, so must thou bear witness also at Rome.'
In Acts 26 Paul talks about how he persecuted Christians before his conversion. He also mentions his calling. Jesus says to him at the time of the conversion, it is 'the Gentiles, unto whom now I send thee, to open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me.'
This should make it cleaer that there was a rejection of Jesus Christ by many Jews. A remnant, however, has always remained faithful.
It's quite wrong to think that Jesus had a message that was incompatible with that of Paul. Don't forget, it was Jesus that called Paul as his apostle to the Gentiles. Paul was doing exactly what Jesus Christ was telling him to do. Even to the point of marytrdom in Rome.