"Like the three other gospels, it is anonymous,"
Gospel of John - Wikipedia
Why You Should Not Believe the Apostle John Wrote the Last Gospel
Why You Should Not Believe the Apostle John Wrote the Last Gospel • Richard Carrier
That John is responding to Luke is actually a growing consensus in Johannine studies; likewise that John has been multiply redacted, such that our version is not the one originally written. … External evidence placing the Gospel of John’s appearance in history is also the scarcest [relative to the previous three Gospels]. It could have been written as late as the 140s (some argue even later) or as early as the 100s (provided Luke was written in the 90s [which a growing consensus now considers its earliest likely date]). I will arbitrarily side with the earlier of those dates. John was redacted multiple times and thus had multiple authors. (This is already the consensus of Johannine experts.) Nothing is known of them. John’s authors (plural) claim to have used a written source composed by an anonymous eyewitness (21.20-25), but that witness does not exist in any prior Gospel, yet is conspicuously inserted into John’s rewrites of their narratives (e.g. compare
Jn 20.2 with Lk. 24.12 [likewise his insertion into
the fishing story and
last supper story and
crucifixion story and his
replacement of the resurrections at
Nain and
Gerasa]) and so is almost certainly a fabrication (as I show in Chapter 10, §7).
I cover the evidence and scholarship on all this in the most detail in Chapter 10.7 (Ibid., pp. 487-506). But one of the most important points I develop there is that the original authors of John clearly intended their unnamed “beloved disciple,” the one they claim as their source, to be none other than Lazarus. Who is most definitely a made-up person, invented by the authors of John to reify and reverse the teaching of Luke’s
Parable of Lazarus (pp. 500-05), which Luke designed as an argument for why people should believe
without direct evidence of any resurrection (thus, Luke knew of no Lazarus or Doubting Thomas tale to cite instead; to the contrary, his Parable was in fact an attempt to explain
why there wasn’t any). Well, that argument the authors of John despised (pp. 489-90), and thus replaced by fabricating
evidence for resurrections, not only through John’s ridiculously trumped up narrative of
Jesus’s resurrection—complete with a Doubting Thomas fondling the open wounds in Jesus’s risen body, a story found nowhere in any prior Gospel or the Epistles of Paul, despite it being the most powerful and informative tale one could ever have attested and thus could never have been omitted
by four prior authors (it also lies at the end of a long process of gradually exaggerated fabrication, starting with a merely missing body
in Mark, then moving to the feet the women touch
in Matthew, to the hands
and feet grabbed by
the Apostles in Luke, to the wounds fondled
in John)—but also in John’s completely fabricated
resurrection of Lazarus, which John depicts as so incredibly famous
it was the reason
the Sanhedrin started plotting to kill Jesus (and
even Lazarus), another detail no previous author could have overlooked. Thus the authors of John converted a fictional person who
wasn’t raised from the dead to prove the faith into a real person
actually raised from the dead
to prove the faith.
This is so obviously fiction that it is astonishing
anyone would be so foolish as to believe it.