First of all, not all Shi'a Muslims curse the sahabah. Many Shi'a scholars say this is NOT okay to do. I myself will criticize the actions of the sahabah, but cursing them is not right. And I don't think criticizing the actions of some sahabah makes you a bad Muslim.
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Nasrallah on Cursing Sahaba [Eng] -
Second of all, this idea of there being 12 Imams is found even in various Sunni ahadith.
Narrated Jabir bin Samura: I heard Muhammad saying, "There will be twelve Muslim rulers." He then said a sentence which I did not hear. My father said, "All of them (those rulers) will be from Quraish." [Sahih Bukhari]
Narrated Jabir bin Samura: I heard Muhammad saying, "The (Islamic) religion will continue until the Hour (day of resurrection), having twelve Caliphs for you, all of them will be from Quraysh." [Sahih Muslim]
The Prophet said: "This religion remains standing until there are twelve vicegerents over you, all of them agreeable to the nation, all of them from Quraysh." [Sunan Abu Dawood]
The Prophet said: "There will be after me twelve Amir (Prince/Ruler), all of them from Quraysh." [Tirmidhi]
Masrooq rates that someone asked Abdullah Ibn Masood, "O Abaa Abd al-Rahmaan, did you ask the Messenger of Allah how many caliphs will rule this nation?". Abdullah Ibn Masood replied, "Yes, we did ask the Messenger of Allah and he replied, "Twelve, like the number of chiefs (nuqabaa) of Bani Israel." [Ahmad]
Can you find the phrase four rightly guided caliphs in ahadith...?
Calling on anyone other than Allah (SWT) for help is absolutely haram in Islam. Period. Any Shi'a you see doing this is misguided. Mainly you see the Ismailis doing this, no offense at all to them. Their standard greeting is "Ya Ali Madad."
Lol. Shi'a Muslims do not believe the Qur'an has been changed by anyone. I don't even know where people pull this misconception from. There must be some deviant group out there that believes or did believe that. I've never met any Shi'a Muslims who believed something so blasphemous.
Shi'a Muslims do follow the Sunnah, but only trust traditions narrated from the pure sources (Ahlul Bait). The reason Shi'a Muslims believe Ahlul Bait is pure is because of this verse in the Qur'an:
"Allah only desires to keep away the uncleanness from you, O people of the House! and to purify you a (thorough) purifying."
Oh, and as for taqiyyah, it is only supposed to be used when your life is in danger.
I think you will find Shi'a Islam varies a lot. I generally don't like the terms Sunni or Shi'a, but when I hear someone saying bad things about Shi'a Islam, I have to defend it.
First of all, pure doesnt mean 12 infallibles with one disappearing in the cave with others collecting Khums on his behalf. Secondly, Muslim rulers doesnt mean Imams in Shia sense, nor does it say anything about infallibility.
Since believing that Imamate of the 12 is a pillar of Iman in Shiasm, using such hadeeths and verses that dont say it explicitly, tells you it was made up. If it were so important like an article of faith, it would have been mentioned at least the same number of times prayer, zakat, Hajj, and so on were.
And on top of this the Shia Imams like Ja'far Al Sadiq werent even Shias themselves. This is why theres loads of fabrications against him, especially that the sciences of hadeeth authentication in Shiasm developed centuries later, and basically copying the Sunni scholars of Mustalah Al Hadeeth.
On top of all this, Ali himself was among those who supported the Caliphs Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman. So what they attribute to him, is also, not true. Same thing with Al Hasan Ibn Ali.
The household of the prophet peace be upon him have nothing to do with Shias. They just use their name to gain followers.
According to many Shia scholars, it was Shias ironically, that asked for Al Hussain to go to them and when he did, with nearly 70 from his family and children etc, they killed him like they killed his cousin Muslim Ibn Aqeel. Then they formed Jaysh Al Tawabeen ( the army of repenters) repenting from it, as the killers of Al Hussain were :
1- Ubaidullah Bin Ziyad, he was in Alis army in Siffeen battle, so he was a Shia.
His father also was made ruler of Al Basrah, by Ali raa.
2- Shamr Bin Dhi Al Jawshan, also in Alis army in Siffeen.
They are both in Shia source "Rijaal Al Shia" (Shia men).
3- Sinan Ibn Anas Al Nakh'i, his father was also a Shia in Alis army in Siffeen.
Many Shia scholars like Murtadha Al Mutahhiri and others confirm this. Even today theres plenty of Shia scholars on youtube saying the same.
Finally, sometimes Shias quote "Sunni books" in a deceptive way inline with their Taqiyyah methods. For instance, Al Tabari collected everything said with chains of narrators and said it is up to the reader to research authenticity. Nearly all the narrations with Shia ideas in them, have "Abi Mikhnaf" and/or a few others in the chain, who was a known liar, and a Shia whos narrations were never accepted.
As for Hasan NasrAllah, what he says for PR purposes is irrelevant, and only a practice of Taqiyyah. Top Shia scholars in history have cursing and insults all over their books. If they condemn those scholars, then there would be no Shiasm left, as they are the top figures.
If he were truthful, he would reject building a mosque over the grave of Abu Lu'luah Al Majoosi (non Muslim killer of Umar raa) in Iran, with curses written at the entrance. Not just curses, but famous "authentic" ones like the dua of Al Jibt and Al Taghoot. It is also a practice at any Hussainiyyah gathering you go to. Their Taqiyyah for PR purposes says nothing about their beliefs and doctorine that have existed in their books for centuries.
Back to hadeeths, the problem with Shia Taqiyya methods, is that what they say works with those with no knowledge of hadeeth. They dont have an authentic book of hadeeth like Bukhari and Muslim. Can you name even one? Theres none. So, their scholars just pick and choose from them whatever they find convenient at any given time. So in other words, they eliminate all references, making the references limited to "men" that have a hiarchy leading up to the "deputy" of the hidden 12th Imam, giving them the religious authority basically.
This is precisly why Shiasm changed developed over many centuries. Their "scholars" would preach whatever fits the time.
This was the same problem the Sunni debator in the video above faced. They dont have any criteria for authentication, so compound that with Taqiyyah, discussing things with them becomes impossible. Please see this video again and observe.
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Sunni vs Shia debate on Hadeeth , shia sheikh gets owned - with English subtitles - YouTube
I am glad that you say calling anyone other than Allah, is wrong. As this is precisely what Shirk is. However, Shia scholars say otherwise. The following, is a teacher at the top Shia religious institute in Iran, the Hawza of Qum, Iran. So its not just anyone. Ali Al Koorani is well known.
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In Shi'ism asking and praying directly to Allah is the longest way! - YouTube
Never will you find any Shia condemning him or anyone like him, although this is related to the most basic belief of Islam, monotheism. Its not just an issue of how to wash before prayer etc.
Also, please see this. The following is a famous religious "singer" in Iran, and close to the "deputy" of Al Mahdi, Khamen'i, and his recordings are everywhere. Does anyone condemn him? No. Why? because usually they just fill people with emotions, just enough to block any logic or common sense. No one would even dare to talk like that in any Sunni community.
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IRANIAN SUNNI scholar explains: Who are the REAL Gods of the Shia? - YouTube
Also, anyone who knows Shia communities well, especially in their original countries, knows and sees such things all the time. Even when waking up and stretching they would say "Ya Ali", so its not really an Isma'eeli thing at all.
Heres an experience of a convert to Islam, and the beliefs he was taught by Shias regarding this topic. Its extremely widespread and among their top scholars even.
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Finally, about the corruption of the Qur'aan, I dont want to fill this window with more videos of their scholars but, it is enough to know, that Al Noori al Turbrusi, wrote a book called "Kashf Al Khitab fee Ithbat Tahreef Kitab Rabb Al Arbab" which means "The clear verdict on the confirmation of the alteration of the book of the Lord of Lords."
No Shia ever condemned him because hes too big a figure. Again I think theres enough videos and this post is already too long (and I apologize for that), but theres so many of them saying such things about the Qur'aan in their lectures, Q & A sessions, and so on. Usually they try to see what the background of the asker or audience is, and give answers accordingly!
A quick final note, Taqiyyah/lying isnt in case of necessity/life threatening situations, as theres quotes from Al Khoui, and many shia narrations and scholars saying its a virtue, and something beloved. I have much to back this but since the post is already pretty long ill just stop here.