Animal labor and production of biofertilizer and biopesticide as in India. Generally however, use of sheep and goats is more efficient. Especially sheep in good lands.
Oh I agree with finding other ways of utilizing the fact that there are living breathing animals who need to eat and drink water themselves.
I think cattle, however, are remarkably efficient when rotated on arable land properly. Sheep and goats are, too, but the output of milk is far more from cows than from goats....though goats are pretty damn efficient themselves and can provide for a family with one or two goats depending on how much the family consumes in milk, cheese, and butter.
But that doesn't quite address the magnitude of extra animals walking around who will be released from the CAFO's and cared for by....whom? And fed by....what?
Sustainable organic agriculture that is not centralized have as high an output of food for the omnivore (such as humans
) as mass producing monoculture vegetable crops on 1000 acres of land. Plus, it uses less water, with no pesticides, herbicides, or GMO "seeds" manufactured by Monsanto, uses less transportation and food miles to go from harvest to dinner table, and actually builds the topsoil.
There are plenty of sustainable agriculture practices in this country, but you have to look for them. Their costs are low, their production is good, they care for the welfare of the animals, and they
benefit the land and water rather than simply taking from resources. I watched the farm we volunteer on rebuild the pasture that had originally been uninhabitable, arid, topsoil stripped after 50 years of traditional row-cropping....and within 5 years transformed it all into lush pastures with cattle, pigs, chickens, and a spring beginning to form.
Problem was, according to some, was the fact they had to cull the herd every now and then. Because if they don't, there is the risk of over-grazing the pasture and exposing the topsoil to the elements. It can happen pretty quickly, too, since I have seen how pastured animals staying in one paddock can strip it bare in a week.
If there is any common ground between my ethics and vegetarian ethics, it's this: Avoid CAFO-raised animals, eat
less meat (but I'd add to eat more of the animal that is avoided, like the organs, which is not part of vegetarian ethics), and eat more of a variety of vegetables, fruits, grains, nuts, and legumes.
I'm sure we can start there.