Here’s the core story in Exodus - is there any reason to believe a single word of it?
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Over a relatively short period of time, Egypt is hit by a number of disasters. Not just one city, but essentially all of Egypt. The Nile and other sources of water turn to blood. Frogs, lice, and flies swarm everywhere. The livestock die, everyone is covered in boils. Flaming hail destroys the crops as well as any unlucky Egyptians who were out and about, and then whatever reserves are left get eaten by a massive swarm of locusts. Then, everything goes black for three days. The entire country, cloaked in darkness for three whole days. Nobody has any food - the fishing trade has been ruined by the river of blood, the livestock are dead from disease, the crops have been burned or devoured. Many have died. They can’t really do anything about this since it’s pitch black. Throughout all this the large population of slaves is seemingly untouched by the disasters, and the Egyptians now become enamored of them and heap them with presents.
Then all the first born in the country die - again, not these slaves - which is a whole lot of people. Not just that, but it’s the ones that were in many cases being prepared to be the head of the household. The slaves leave along with many others, and this isn’t a handful of people. Being extremely generous with the estimates for the overall population of Egypt and extremely conservative with the estimates of the exodus it’s still about a quarter of the population that up and walks out. A huge caravan, probably a hundred miles long, winds its way out of Egypt - across a sea that suddenly parts for them. The Egyptian army follows, and all are swallowed by the Red Sea and killed.
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So the Egyptians have lost their army, their firstborn, their livestock, and a quarter of their population on top of all the deaths. Everyone far and wide would be aware of this level of disaster, not to mention the entire country being covered in darkness for three days. And yet - somehow - this is only recorded in the Bible and this horrifically shattered country continues to expand in prosperity as if nothing happened.
Obviously the ideal thing to find would be something that was a contemporary source telling the story from the other side, but I’m not suggesting that the bar is set that high. We could also look at the archaeology and find evidence of the firestorm, or of the massive population drop. We could find references from other local cultures claiming credit for their gods. We could find an otherwise unexplained period in Egypt’s history where they seemed to suffer some large setback. We could find the remains of the Egyptian army in the Red Sea. And so on.
Instead, the best that can be offered up is that there are signs of Egyptian influence on the Israelites. Well, yes. That’s not exactly surprising, Egypt was a pretty big deal and they were neighbors. In fact it’s incredibly likely that groups from Egypt merged with the existing population in Canaan and brought some cultural influence with them. This doesn’t actually lend additional credibility to the Egyptian captivity, the plagues, or the exodus itself.
The Israelites weren’t slaves in Egypt, and the plagues never happened. The whole story is news to the Egyptians, who continued to flourish and grow - read a history of Egypt, and look for anywhere you can shoehorn in such a horrible series of events during the correct era.
And yet… this is taken as historical by even those who don’t believe the Old Testament is all literally true. Why?