Almost all of them were based on a specific ideological framework that doesn't reflect all of communism, which is the main point here. Whether they "all got it wrong" depends on whom you ask. Personally, I strongly oppose the authoritarianism and indiscriminate violence of Marxism-Leninism, so I would say they got a lot more wrong than they did right.
The problem with any country's system that eliminates capitalism
is that it will be authoritarian. Because that's necessary to enforce
the ban on free economic association. This is the reason that all
attempts at such socialism / communism end up that way.
Positing that it will be different
next time isn't based upon analysis.
Just unrealistic assumptions about human behavior. They can't be
both statelessness & democracy. Many won't voluntarily give up
capitalism (as USSR black markets showed). People won't all think
alike, no matter how much the government "guides" the culture.
Socialists and anti-capitalists don't have some uniform agenda to pursue. I'm not sure what's so strange about this variation considering that it exists among all large groups.
It's not just about details of various anti-capitalist agendas.
There are emergent properties of any complex system.
Under anti-capitalism (the term I'm adopting to describe
socialism & communism of that variety), there is a 100%
record of such countries being authoritarian, oppressive, &
dismal economies. Under capitalism, there is more diversity,
with horrible results in many, but also democracy, peace, civil
liberty, & prosperity arising in some.
Think not of perfection, but of good results for some.
It's about potential. Even vaunted Canuckistan, Denmark,
Australiastan, etc have done some wicked things. But they're
still better than the best of anti-capitalist countries...Cuba, IMO.
Only if one believes in forcibly imposing communism or in banning ownership of private property, which many communists don't support.
They they really aren't communists by standard definition.
Why adopt a label that means something different from
what they intend?
Unless the policies they would advocate were also pacifist. You'll notice that per the link I provided, the pacifism of some socialists translated into opposition to violent activities that were occurring at the time.
How would a pacifist communist enforce the prohibition
against starting a business, hiring people, & serving clients?
They'll certainly resort to coercion & force. And if stateless,
this would be by vigilantes.
None, mainly because it's quite rare and bizarre for an African or an Arab to be a white supremacist and explicitly believe in the inferiority of their own ethnicity. I have observed subconscious or implicit Eurocentric biases among some, but I wouldn't call them white supremacists.
But I have talked to some white supremacists online and found the belief in racial superiority to be a constant among every single one of them. Otherwise they wouldn't be white supremacists, would they?
So you've really very little experience with them. People
you meet on line are a self selected group...not the same
as those who eschew it. Some just believe in voluntary
separation. Belief that they're superior isn't inherently
a problem....it's one's politics, ie, coercion vs choice.
In your opinion. From my perspective, it entirely depends on how they plan to achieve that goal and how realistic they believe it is.
Belief that one's agenda is realistic doesn't excuse advocating
something with heinous results. Analogy: Anti-vaxers can be
good people, but with deadly effects on others. Anti-capitalists
fall into that category, ie, good intentions in pursuit of evil results.
I find this statement to be potentially minimizing of the destruction that Nazism and white-supremacist genocides and colonialism wrought on the world. The US itself was largely founded on slavery as well as the genocide of Native Americans by "Manifest Destiny" racists and other white supremacists.
Nazis didn't oppress or kill as many people as did anti-capitalist
USSR, N Korea, China, & Khmer Rouge. You wouldn't be minimizing
all that suffering, famine, & mass murder, would you?
I've oft criticized Manifest Destiny. Note that Canuckistan had it too.
But your criticism deflects from my claim that capitalism offers only
the potential for peace, liberty, & prosperity...no guarantees.
Don't ignore this by arguing against the straw man, ie, that many
examples of capitalism have harbored atrocities.