To this last. I do not think the Jews, one of the most logical and intelligent people in the world, have ever thought that the sex they were having was not them creating themselves.
I don't know anything about that, but marriage and reproduction were and still are very important. Where some say they see a fertility cult, I see someone embracing the principle of life for a good purpose, wishing to harness the power of the seed towards better life for future generations. Look at how every plant dies, but the seeds retain the life of an entire plant. The ancient wise one asks "How can we pass the seed of wisdom to each generation, so that it becomes a fruitful and full grown plant?" Ask yourself how you feel about the fact that we strive all our lives to become wise only to die at the end. They probably saw that life was a cycle, and so they studied cycles both their own and those in nature, and it appears they studied it for the sake of seeing an end to suffering.
Proverbs and
Ecclesiastes talk about nature's cycles and attempt to borrow patterns of wisdom from them to be applied as advice for living. The Biblical terms branch, root, horn, seed etc. all point to the principle of the cycle, something that we ourselves seek to harness in modern times. When David's 'Horn is lifted up' this isn't talking about him being horny. It means something else and is exponentially better and is about something of lasting value.
I do not see Jews as accepting a supernatural entity as God and that is shown with Jacob fighting with God. I think that Israel, which means strive with God, also means to strive against God. That is how religious progress and thought is done and that is why Jews reject the 10 Commandments and came up with their own set with over 300.
So we are talking about personal theories. Of course we are. What they discovered, rather than 'An entity' was that there was something that was difficult to describe, perhaps a principle or perhaps a person or force. It made plants reproduce. It brushed against them whenever they made the effort to encapsulate wisdom and to find the most harmonious way to live, but it couldn't be named and was invisible. To harness the power of the seed they had to live in harmony like a tree. Psalm 1 describes law keepers as 'Trees of righteousness, the planting of the LORD'. In seeking harmony they discovered all things were in harmony, and it seems likely that was also when they encountered God. When the Israelites were overrun by Babylon the captives they didn't give up, because they had discovered something better than countries and better than lineages. They compared notes with the Babylonians and adapted. This was religious thought and progress, for good purpose and for the sake of hope in a better future.
To your first.
There is nothing divine that has not been labelled so by a human. Divine is something one seeks but is always a mystery.
That there are mysteries I admit and also mysteries within those, but I think that the ancient Jews (as well as the later Christians) believe everything about the Divine that can be known, can only be known through nature. I don't think that they begin as gnostics at all. The LORD speaks to Moses through a burning bush, through wind, through earthquakes etc. I suspect, crudely, that gnosticism originally relies upon the seed concept, that it is thought that wisdom is already in the person and merely grows like a plant. The descriptions in Iranaeus of hierarchies and archons etc are probably just semantic mumbo jumbo, possibly even slander.
Rabbi Hillel, the older contemporary of Jesus, said that when asked to sum up the whole of Jewish teaching, while he stood on one leg, said, "The Golden Rule. That which is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor. That is the Torah. And everything else is only commentary. Now, go and study it."
I see this statement of the Golden Rule as consistent with my understanding.
"Origen, the great second or third century Greek commentator on the Bible said that it is absolutely impossible to take these texts literally. You simply cannot do so. And he said, "God has put these sort of conundrums and paradoxes in so that we are forced to seek a deeper meaning."
I should read Origen. I think that you can read the Torah and try to understand it from a practical perspective. In it you can see harmony and love, protection for the weak, an attempt to live as a single organism, to imitate the secret principle by which things reproduce. In it you see how God was discovered, not quite by accident.
As to Moses. Note that when asked who his God was, he replied, I am. That is the same name, other than Good, that Gnostic Christians give to God and when we use it we do mean ourselves. I believe that the Jews used it the same way. Jesus also said that before Abraham, I am, which tells me that Jesus was saying that his theology he was placing before Abraham's. That I do not read as his saying he actually lived before Abraham.
I understand what you are saying about Jesus quotation, but the tetragrammaton can be considered an aggregate of three syllables that read 'Was' 'Is' 'Will be'. This is not really a secret. Its just something that is so common that it has become boring and then been forgotten. The Name, the Torah and everything associated with it is part of the story of how God was discovered, detected, found, indicated. Why does God interact with people when we seek harmony? I don't know, but what I do know I know through nature, and these scriptures are like lab notes.
Let me quote something, and this may not at first seem to be in context; but I believe I am putting it right: "
Concerning this salvation, the prophets, who spoke of the grace that was to come to you, searched intently and with the greatest care, trying to find out the time and circumstances to which the Spirit of Christ in them was pointing when he predicted the sufferings of the Messiah and the glories that would follow. It was revealed to them that they were not serving themselves but you, when they spoke of the things that have now been told you by those who have preached the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven. Even angels long to look into these things."(I Peter 1:11). What did the prophets search? Here Peter is pointing out that the Prophets are like explorers, discovering what the divine is. They do it for our sake. They are like spelunkers. The history of the discovery of God is not a silly progression from polytheism towards monotheism but is a logical study of nature leading to an appreciation of harmony and the incidental discovery of God. No doubt the discoverers are somewhat surprised.
I do recognize that even in Jewry there are a number of varying belief but this one resonates with me because I am a Gnostic Christian and perpetual seeker after God. God defined as the best rules and laws to live life by.
I think that Jesus makes a gnostic statement when he says that the Kingdom of Heaven is like a seed, and I suspect it is also a Jewish statement, not an innovation.
I see Jesus as a reformer of Jewish law. His saying that the Sabbath was made for man and not man for the Sabbath, when Jews wanted to stone a man for working, as his putting man's law above God's.
I extrapolate from his Sabbath quote as also saying that religions and Gods are created for mankind, by mankind, and not by an outside force.
As you have pointed out, not everything can be taken literally. Clearly God's law is hidden or we could use it to create life, like Frankenstein's monster. Everything is in God. Every secret is in there, so we want to get those secrets out. Not only is wisdom like a seed, but God is like a seed. Everything is in God.
In the above quote you are looking at Jesus merely as a reformer of human laws. That is very far from what he wants to be. He is, possibly, commenting about the nature of wisdom. This entire exchange between a sect of Pharisees and Jesus is about the future of Judaism. It assigns blame to the Pharisees for a failure to reproduce. It isn't just about reforming laws. Jesus calls these Pharisees sons of Caine. He says their disciples are always twice as bad as they are (perhaps not literally). He's not even trying to label the Pharisees as evil (though if you are unfamiliar with Pharisees you might think so). This story is about Christianity, the addition of gentiles, grafting gentiles onto Israel. Israel is the tree and the gentiles are grafted on. Its got all kinds of flavors going on in it. Its very complicated, so that I am not sure I can follow all the threads in it.
I do recognize that even in Jewry there are a number of varying belief but this one resonates with me because I am a Gnostic Christian and perpetual seeker after God. God defined as the best rules and laws to live life by.
To seek anything or any supernatural entity would be a waste of good time and I do not see Jews as a nation that would waste it's time seeking a master as I do not see Jews as wanting to be slaved to some one unchanging ideology.
I hope I am correct but it is hard to know this far up the time line and with Jewry, like all the other religions as divided as they have all become.
I don't know for sure. What I think is that the Bible isn't nefarious or written to make everybody subservient. The Christian writers like James believe the opposite, that freedom is part of its power. Its supposed to make life better for everyone.