The LDS church has over 900,000 dollars in Pacific Ethanol (ticker symbol PEIX) they bought at around 20 dollars and it's now trading around 11 or twelve. It will probably trade in the hundreds in the next few years, but wouldn't it be better to have sold and then rebought at 11 dollars ???
Long term may pay off but you are stuck until it goes back up, if it ever does...
This is a good illustration of why it's normally not considered appropriate for charities (and I'd include churches in this category) to engage in risky investments with donated money.
Sure, in hindsight, it's easy to recognize that they could've made more money by selling it at its peak and re-buying it now, but without good reason to do so founded on judgement and real value, playing with investments is gambling. Saying "if you had sold your shares two years ago and invested in Company 'X', you'd have doubled your money" is no different than one gambler at the blackjack table saying to another "if you had hit on that last card, you'd have won the hand when the dealer bust."
Without a clear rationale for why you're making your investments and a mindset of looking for an increase in
value, not just share price, you're still relying on random chance... which makes it gambling.
Personally, I think that if the church couldn't find a good immediate use for the money, they should've just put it in CDs or another low-risk investment. The returns are less, but it's not appropriate for a charitable organization to be playing the market with peoples' donated money.
For what it's worth, the Lord commanded Joseph Smith to sells shares of stock in order to raise money for an LDS temple. It miserably failed because the people who had stock in the temple did not keep the commandments and they lost all they had and the temple was destroyed and the LDS members driven from their land...
Even though it turned out to be a risky venture (apparently, since as you say the shareholders lost all they had), this is the type of investment that
isn't gambling: I think that a community taking shared ownership, literally, of an important project for mutual benefit is an excellent example of good investing.
There's a huge difference between this and speculating, though.