But that's what it originally meant in a religious context: "faith" referred to things like "trust that God will keep his promises for the future" or "loyalty (faithfulness) to God."
That's very debatable. I think some who lack the deeper understanding of that might think of it in simplistic terms like that. That would be true in anytime in history. I've debated some Christians on this site who equate faith with trust, as though they were the same thing. Same as those in this thread who equate faith with belief, as though they were the same thing. Both trust and beliefs may be part of faith, but faith is the engine and trust and beliefs are different train cars in tow behind it.
But that trust, in the way you worded it, "trust that God will keep his promises for the future", is really more tied to beliefs or ideas about God. Faith, in the deeper sense of an intuition, is not tied to specifics. It's not tied to ideas about God. Faith is more an inner knowing, and 'trusting' in that, or a better word would be 'resting' in that feeling or sense or intuition, that God IS, despite all beliefs being thrown into question, and losing one's beliefs. That certainly happened to me.
Faith 'rests' or 'trusts' in the unknown - not in beliefs. It is a mistake to understand faith as "trust in beliefs", which is how many dumb down faith to be, no understanding its deeper knowledge and impulses. That's why I cite that philosopher I did, because he articulates that deeper understanding so well. There are of course many other scholars and philosophers who recognize and understand these differences.
One key thing for me that helped, was that I refused to the let the most ardent "True Believers(tm)", define what these terms mean, when in reality their understandings are far from insightful. Theirs is the 'dumbed down' version of faith and God and religion, and they proclaim themselves as authoritative, when they are not. I refused to let them define these things, when there are far greater minds out there.
It was only relatively recently, as the traditional claims for God have been found to be unsupported at best or refuted at worst, that the meaning of "faith" has been retconned to refer to belief without evidence or justification.
Not really. It's only recently that this misconstrued understanding of faith has become distorted as a response to modernity, and popularized by the loudest mouths in the swimming pool (see my signature line below). That is not what true religious faith is about. This is a modern phenomena born out of protestants trying to make religion a competitor with science and reason. That is all error. Faith is not a competitor. It's
complementary with reason. Faith is of the heart. Reason is of the mind. And both inform and interprentrate each other, in everything we do, in every aspect of our lives.
The heart illuminates the mind. And the mind helps direct the heart. It's not one over the other, but like the wind in the sail of a sailboat, along with the rudder in the water, guides the boat across the lake. That's complementary in action, faith and reason work together. Take the wind out of the sail, you're dead in the water. Take the rudder out of the water, you spin in circles and go nowhere.