I think there's plenty of evidence that it can go either way. Look, for example, at Bishop John Shelby Spong and Bart Ehrman. Both scholars in their own ways, and both began seeking to serve in the Christian faith. Spong stayed, Ehrman went to atheism.This is not something I have done about my of faith....and I should have done it.
What will happen if believers started to do critical thinking about every aspects of their own faith?
Some of RF's believers may already do it daily
Will our faith get stronger or will it be a to big challenge?
I have many, many examples of people who, on doing a lot of critical thinking, could no longer remain in their faith. Read Charles Templeton's A Farewell to God, for example. He worked with Billy Graham for years, and then turned to atheism because he thought too much about what the faith was teaching.
But there are also examples of stellar scientists who took up faith later in life. One good example is Francis Collins, a genetecist who headed the Human Genome Project.