Socrates-is-mortal syllogism
Socrates is a man. All men are mortal. Socrates is mortal.
This is a load of self serving claptrap and a prime example of circular reasoning. By any measure it is wrong.
Conveniently such things are written about the already deceased. There are countless ways to see this and to see the role of language in our silly, circular, and erroneous beliefs. "Socrates is or was alive. All living things die(d). Socrates is (or soon will be ) dead" has the same meaning and is less specific. We know things die only through observation. That things die becomes part of the definition as surely as the meaning of "Socrates" involves him being dead. If there were an immortal man who arose tomorrow it would not affect the accuracy or logic of this statement but it would affect the "truth".
All men are not the same. If Socrates had not not existed, and then did, and then did not like all other life forms have (or probably will) then he might or might not have been a "man". What would we call him if he were still around? A stone?
I would agree that the statement "Socrates was mortal" has some validity but he was not mortal because he was a man but because he died. Essentially the statement merely says "mortal" means to die which is the definition of "mortal" and the root of the circular reasoning.
This is language and it's why people keep playing word games with me instead of addressing points. Language fills us with omniscience and a means to solve every question: We simply engage in a circular argument that sounds good but is devoid of true meaning.
This nonsense wasn't possible in Ancient Language because it there were no abstractions, definitions, or "statements".
It would have read "Socrates was alive. Socrates died. Socrates is no longer alive. The logic was in the grammar rather than formatting. Of course such a concept would almost invariably be shortened to "Socrates died". One of the names of the word "died" was "that which is no longer alive".
These might sound like insignificant points but if you thought in Ancient Language you couldn't start with concepts like species gradually change through survival of the fittest and then reason back to it. There were no beliefs so when they saw species suddenly change at bottlenecks they developed theory through that alone. From there they sought to explain the fossil record.
That Socrates was mortal seems to make perfect sense to us because of the linear way in which we think. In this case "we're born, we live, we die". Abstractions and induction seem to work fine for manipulating our perception of reality but the problem is we can't see where this fails. Our minds continue to see exactly what we already believe until a new hypothesis and supporting experiment shows the current paradigm can not be correct and the new one is.
What if Socrates had lived as long as Methuselah? He'd be just as dead but what would that do the "logic" you suggested? Maybe twice as long as Methuselah? What if he were still alive but at death's door? Or maybe he still looked 25?
An excellent rule of thumb is that when we think someone else is engaged in circular reasoning we are exactly right and when we think we are not then we are exactly wrong. Works like a charm. If you figure out your own circular reasoning then you'll figure out your premises and frequently these premises are based not in scientific models, beliefs, or superstitions but rather in language itself. They are sometimes metaphysical as well but now people will want me to define "metaphysical" for the one millionth time (basis of science).