I see religious beliefs as symbolic of an intent towards the highest, or ultimate good, many call God. But that ultimate Good, can be "believed in", without believing in God, as the object of faith in that ultimate Good. Some people don't like that name, or the suggestions of it being a "person" watching over you, and such.
So I'd say both the atheist and the "believer" can be in fact serving the greatest Good. Or they may both not. The believer often is just as much a nonbeliever, in the sense that they don't act upon any intent towards the highest Good, as is an atheist who likewise just serves themselves.
In other words, its not the beliefs, but the intent of the will towards ultimate Truth, Beauty, and Goodness. Believer and unbeliever alike fail that, as well as "believe" in that.
Because their "belief" is not actually faith. It's a mental idea they like, not something the aspire to become, no matter the cost.
People are religious for many reasons. Devotion to God, and a personal path to transcendence and transformation is usually a very rarely found reason. That's why those who are on that path, typically find religion to be a hindrance. Few are those truly devoted to that path.
Well, both could be happening. Often times becoming uber religious, is a way to actually avoid God while assuaging guilt at the same time.
A true path to God is one of surrender, not flagellations.
No. It doesn't matter to God. It matters to us. Either we live and experience the Divine, or we choose to not. Ultimately, I believe we all want to be Free.
None of my beliefs are "set". I do have ways I like to talk about these things however that helps me mentally frame it.
As far as after-death questions, I see things like who we are in this life, on a deep core level, not "you" in the sense of who you are today as "Bob" or whomever, but the essence of this spiritual form that is in temporarily in this current sack of skin you call "you", is like an object floating in the sea. Each object in this vast Sea, has its own buoyancy. It rises or sinks according to its composition, heavy or light, and everywhere in between.
So where we "go" after death, is right where we are here. In this life, we can ascend to lighter buoyancies, or heavier ones. When we leave this sack of skin, the deep core lessons of the soul where we either surrender or cling to the concerns of the human body and emotional needs, has affected where it will take us, both in this life, and the next.
So "non-belief", be that in the form of both the believer and nonbeliever alike, that lack of desire, longing, and hope for the highest Truth, the consequence is the same both in this life and the next. Are they finding the Ultimate Truth of their existence, or living in a delusion? It doesn't matter if it's before or after you die. It's the same.