Exodus Archeology Evidence

[gnostic]

The story of straw and bricks precedes the Ramesside stories of plagues.

It would be pertinent to remember "Exodus" is the Greek/Latin translation of the Hebrew scripture for the "Book of Names".

(A) The Exodus isn’t history. It cannot even name a single Egyptian pharaoh by name, because who ever wrote the Exodus, don't have any real knowledge of the Egyptian history, because it was written a lot later than the setting of the narrative (Exodus).​

​

(B) In Exodus 1, it say there were 2 cities being build at the same time, during the time of Moses' birth: Rameses and Pithom.​

​

The problem here, determining which of the cities it meant. The other problem is when these 2 cities existed, like when it was constructed.​

​

The Exodus Pithom have been identified with Pi-Tem, which means the "House of Atum", with Tem being the name of the creator god and sun-god Atum, with Old Kingdom Heliopolis (actual Egyptian name being Iunu). This city Pi-Tem was actually constructed during the 16th century BCE (c 1650 - c 1550 BCE), either during the 15th dynasty.​

​

The Exodus Rameses is actually known as Pi-Ramesses, constructed during the early 19th dynasty, by Seti I (1290 - 1279 BCE) and his son Ramesses II (1279 - 1213 BCE). Seti named after his father, the founder of the 19th dynasty, Ramesses I (1292 - 1290 BCE). Pi-Ramesses was completed around 1250 BCE.​

​

Do the maths, GoodAttention. Pi-Tem (Pithom) and Pi-Ramesses were not built at the same time, not even in the same dynasty (15th dynasty & 19th dynasty), at the very least, 300 years apart!!!​

​

When Pi-Tem was built, Pi-Ramesses didn't even exist, not in another 300 years.​

​

(C) According to the timeline of Exodus and Joshua, Rameses was being built around the time of Moses' birth, the fall of Jericho occurred 120 years later, after Moses' death.​

​

But archaeologically, Jericho was abandoned around 1570 BCE, while the real Rameses - Pi-Ramesses - was built about 300 years later, around 1250 BCE.​

​

Pi-Ramesses was completed by around 1250 BCE, while Jericho was abandoned around 1570 BCE; that’s a gap of 320 years. The Exodus and Joshua have in the order of Rameses first, Jericho afterwards, with a gap of less than 120 years.​

​

(D) There were no reported plagues in the reign of Ramesses II.​

​

(E) There were no reported mass liberation of slaves, and no mass exodus out of Egypt, during the reign of Ramesses II.​

​

Sorry, GoodAttention. Not only Egyptian records don't support the Exodus narrative, nor do archaeological evidence: Moses didn't exist, nor Joshua, nor the invasion of Canaan, the timeline are wrong.

 

[Audie]

(A) The Exodus isn’t history. It cannot even name a single Egyptian pharaoh by name, because who ever wrote the Exodus, don't have any real knowledge of the Egyptian history, because it was written a lot later than the setting of the narrative (Exodus).​

​

(B) In Exodus 1, it say there were 2 cities being build at the same time, during the time of Moses' birth: Rameses and Pithom.​

​

The problem here, determining which of the cities it meant. The other problem is when these 2 cities existed, like when it was constructed.​

​

The Exodus Pithom have been identified with Pi-Tem, which means the "House of Atum", with Tem being the name of the creator god and sun-god Atum, with Old Kingdom Heliopolis (actual Egyptian name being Iunu). This city Pi-Tem was actually constructed during the 16th century BCE (c 1650 - c 1550 BCE), either during the 15th dynasty.​

​

The Exodus Rameses is actually known as Pi-Ramesses, constructed during the early 19th dynasty, by Seti I (1290 - 1279 BCE) and his son Ramesses II (1279 - 1213 BCE). Seti named after his father, the founder of the 19th dynasty, Ramesses I (1292 - 1290 BCE). Pi-Ramesses was completed around 1250 BCE.​

​

Do the maths, GoodAttention. Pi-Tem (Pithom) and Pi-Ramesses were not built at the same time, not even in the same dynasty (15th dynasty & 19th dynasty), at the very least, 300 years apart!!!​

​

When Pi-Tem was built, Pi-Ramesses didn't even exist, not in another 300 years.​

​

(C) According to the timeline of Exodus and Joshua, Rameses was being built around the time of Moses' birth, the fall of Jericho occurred 120 years later, after Moses' death.​

​

But archaeologically, Jericho was abandoned around 1570 BCE, while the real Rameses - Pi-Ramesses - was built about 300 years later, around 1250 BCE.​

​

Pi-Ramesses was completed by around 1250 BCE, while Jericho was abandoned around 1570 BCE; that’s a gap of 320 years. The Exodus and Joshua have in the order of Rameses first, Jericho afterwards, with a gap of less than 120 years.​

​

(D) There were no reported plagues in the reign of Ramesses II.​

​

(E) There were no reported mass liberation of slaves, and no mass exodus out of Egypt, during the reign of Ramesses II.​

​

Sorry, GoodAttention. Not only Egyptian records don't support the Exodus narrative, nor do archaeological evidence: Moses didn't exist, nor Joshua, nor the invasion of Canaan, the timeline are wrong.

Good intro to the comprehensive list

 

[GoodAttention]

(A) The Exodus isn’t history. It cannot even name a single Egyptian pharaoh by name, because who ever wrote the Exodus, don't have any real knowledge of the Egyptian history, because it was written a lot later than the setting of the narrative (Exodus).​

​

(B) In Exodus 1, it say there were 2 cities being build at the same time, during the time of Moses' birth: Rameses and Pithom.​

​

The problem here, determining which of the cities it meant. The other problem is when these 2 cities existed, like when it was constructed.​

​

The Exodus Pithom have been identified with Pi-Tem, which means the "House of Atum", with Tem being the name of the creator god and sun-god Atum, with Old Kingdom Heliopolis (actual Egyptian name being Iunu). This city Pi-Tem was actually constructed during the 16th century BCE (c 1650 - c 1550 BCE), either during the 15th dynasty.​

​

The Exodus Rameses is actually known as Pi-Ramesses, constructed during the early 19th dynasty, by Seti I (1290 - 1279 BCE) and his son Ramesses II (1279 - 1213 BCE). Seti named after his father, the founder of the 19th dynasty, Ramesses I (1292 - 1290 BCE). Pi-Ramesses was completed around 1250 BCE.​

​

Do the maths, GoodAttention. Pi-Tem (Pithom) and Pi-Ramesses were not built at the same time, not even in the same dynasty (15th dynasty & 19th dynasty), at the very least, 300 years apart!!!​

​

When Pi-Tem was built, Pi-Ramesses didn't even exist, not in another 300 years.​

​

(C) According to the timeline of Exodus and Joshua, Rameses was being built around the time of Moses' birth, the fall of Jericho occurred 120 years later, after Moses' death.​

​

But archaeologically, Jericho was abandoned around 1570 BCE, while the real Rameses - Pi-Ramesses - was built about 300 years later, around 1250 BCE.​

​

Pi-Ramesses was completed by around 1250 BCE, while Jericho was abandoned around 1570 BCE; that’s a gap of 320 years. The Exodus and Joshua have in the order of Rameses first, Jericho afterwards, with a gap of less than 120 years.​

​

(D) There were no reported plagues in the reign of Ramesses II.​

​

(E) There were no reported mass liberation of slaves, and no mass exodus out of Egypt, during the reign of Ramesses II.​

​

Sorry, GoodAttention. Not only Egyptian records don't support the Exodus narrative, nor do archaeological evidence: Moses didn't exist, nor Joshua, nor the invasion of Canaan, the timeline are wrong.

You are reading the scripture as if it has a linear timeline.

It doesn’t.

There is more to the story that isn’t appreciated IF you only look at the years and numbers being mentioned.

It is clear NAMES, as referred to in Hebrew has significance, and hence why the Greek/Latin “Exodus” loses its meaning completely.

Unfortunately the scriptures then require a “non-literal” interpretation BUT what is clear is the numerical counting to determine a specific date for when Moses lived is incorrect.

For example, Moses father-in-law’s name changes from one verse to the next, which (to me) is a sign that time has shifted. In the English translations many verses start with “then” or “now”, another sign of times being described going back to the past and then to the present.

 

[GoodAttention]

(A) The Exodus isn’t history. It cannot even name a single Egyptian pharaoh by name, because who ever wrote the Exodus, don't have any real knowledge of the Egyptian history, because it was written a lot later than the setting of the narrative (Exodus).​

​

(B) In Exodus 1, it say there were 2 cities being build at the same time, during the time of Moses' birth: Rameses and Pithom.​

​

The problem here, determining which of the cities it meant. The other problem is when these 2 cities existed, like when it was constructed.​

​

The Exodus Pithom have been identified with Pi-Tem, which means the "House of Atum", with Tem being the name of the creator god and sun-god Atum, with Old Kingdom Heliopolis (actual Egyptian name being Iunu). This city Pi-Tem was actually constructed during the 16th century BCE (c 1650 - c 1550 BCE), either during the 15th dynasty.​

​

The Exodus Rameses is actually known as Pi-Ramesses, constructed during the early 19th dynasty, by Seti I (1290 - 1279 BCE) and his son Ramesses II (1279 - 1213 BCE). Seti named after his father, the founder of the 19th dynasty, Ramesses I (1292 - 1290 BCE). Pi-Ramesses was completed around 1250 BCE.​

​

Do the maths, GoodAttention. Pi-Tem (Pithom) and Pi-Ramesses were not built at the same time, not even in the same dynasty (15th dynasty & 19th dynasty), at the very least, 300 years apart!!!​

​

When Pi-Tem was built, Pi-Ramesses didn't even exist, not in another 300 years.​

​

(C) According to the timeline of Exodus and Joshua, Rameses was being built around the time of Moses' birth, the fall of Jericho occurred 120 years later, after Moses' death.​

​

But archaeologically, Jericho was abandoned around 1570 BCE, while the real Rameses - Pi-Ramesses - was built about 300 years later, around 1250 BCE.​

​

Pi-Ramesses was completed by around 1250 BCE, while Jericho was abandoned around 1570 BCE; that’s a gap of 320 years. The Exodus and Joshua have in the order of Rameses first, Jericho afterwards, with a gap of less than 120 years.​

​

(D) There were no reported plagues in the reign of Ramesses II.​

​

(E) There were no reported mass liberation of slaves, and no mass exodus out of Egypt, during the reign of Ramesses II.​

​

Sorry, GoodAttention. Not only Egyptian records don't support the Exodus narrative, nor do archaeological evidence: Moses didn't exist, nor Joshua, nor the invasion of Canaan, the timeline are wrong.

Your consideration of the Jericho story by Joshua doesn’t make sense?

Why would the story take place in 1570BCE? We know historically it was abandoned for centuries, and even when it was “conquered” by the Israelites led by Joshua it is ambiguous if anyone is living there other than Rahab and her family.

Jericho afterwards makes sense as a “founding victory” for the Israel state.

 

[GoodAttention]

(A) The Exodus isn’t history. It cannot even name a single Egyptian pharaoh by name, because who ever wrote the Exodus, don't have any real knowledge of the Egyptian history, because it was written a lot later than the setting of the narrative (Exodus).​

​

(B) In Exodus 1, it say there were 2 cities being build at the same time, during the time of Moses' birth: Rameses and Pithom.​

​

The Exodus Pithom have been identified with Pi-Tem, which means the "House of Atum", with Tem being the name of the creator god and sun-god Atum, with Old Kingdom Heliopolis (actual Egyptian name being Iunu). This city Pi-Tem was actually constructed during the 16th century BCE (c 1650 - c 1550 BCE), either during the 15th dynasty.​

I believe this is wrong.

Pithom is describing the centre of power, that is the capital city It-Towy, which was established by Amenenhat I circa 1960BCE as the new capital of Ancient Egypt.

This dynasty projected power from here, hence “store-cities” were built up on the direction of the Pharoah from the capital Pithom. Same with Ramesses since the capital name is what is being described.

Cities including Avaris, Xios, and Wah-hut would have been constructed during the time when It-Towy was the capital for the 12th and 13th dynasty, ending circa 1677BCE almost 300 years later.

The scripture 1:8 describes a “King”, which I believe is the 14th dynasty, circa 1700, then reverting back to the “Pharoah” 13th dynasty before the end of It-Towy as a capital.

The verses then mention King twice, describing the start and end of the Hyksos period, and Pharoah also twice, signifying the Egyptian takeover until the Ramasses XI circa 1100BCE.

 

[shunyadragon]

You are reading the scripture as if it has a linear timeline.

It doesn’t.

There is more to the story that isn’t appreciated IF you only look at the years and numbers being mentioned.

It is clear NAMES, as referred to in Hebrew has significance, and hence why the Greek/Latin “Exodus” loses its meaning completely.

Unfortunately the scriptures then require a “non-literal” interpretation BUT what is clear is the numerical counting to determine a specific date for when Moses lived is incorrect.

For example, Moses father-in-law’s name changes from one verse to the next, which (to me) is a sign that time has shifted. In the English translations many verses start with “then” or “now”, another sign of times being described going back to the past and then to the present.

Attempts at non-literal interpretation is forcing things to fit, which down the road presents unresolvable problems. The New Testament is dependent on a literal Genesis, Exodus and Noah Flood and the Apostles, and Church Fathers believed the role and nature of Jesus Christ is based on a literal Pentateuch.

Unfortunately the Pentateuch and Exodus were written after 600 BCE as "Created History" from traditional beliefs, nd older writings like Sumerian texts.. Exodus was written as Factual History as was all of the Pentateuch.

 

[gnostic]

Why would the story take place in 1570BCE?

I am not saying Joshua story wrt to Jericho was set in 1570 BCE. The Joshua narrative never happened, not the fall of Jericho, not the Israelite conquests of & migration to Canaan. there are no one named Rehab living in Jericho, just as there were no Moses and no Joshua.

I am saying that archaeologists have dated Jericho have been abandoned as early as 1570 BCE, and remained abandoned to the 11th century BCE.

The problem is that you believe the story of Moses and Joshua aligned with Egypt history and Canaan history, they don’t…nor do they align with archaeological evidence & their respective timelines.

Tell es-Sultan, the actual archaeological site of ancient & prehistoric Jericho - not the modern Jericho - have been thoroughly investigated and dated since its earliest human occupation, around 9600 BCE, shortly after the receding of the ice sheets from the last glacial period, Tell es-Sultan is like dating layers from the ice core sample, or the dating of ancient tree through the tree rings, this ancient city have successive layers of occupations.

Each layer of Tell es-Sultan showed how each time, it was occupied and abandoned. Newer city or town would be built on top of the layer of the previous older city or town. There have been as many as 20 layers.

it showed from 4500 BCE during the Late Neolithic period (5000 - 3100 BCE) to about 1550 BCE (Late Bronze Age, 1590 - 1050 BCE), it showed there have been many succeeding layers of construction, occupation & destruction, where newer layer were built on top of older layer.

I am saying the real Jericho - Tell es-Sultan - was abandoned around 1570 to 1550 BCE, and wasn’t being rebuilt over the old city until around 1100 BCE.

Pithom is describing the centre of power, that is the capital city It-Towy, which was established by Amenenhat I circa 1960BCE as the new capital of Ancient Egypt.

Even if Pithom is It-Towy, instead of Pi-Tem, then Pi-Ramesses still wouldn’t exist, as it was being built during the reigns of Seti I & Ramesseses II, between 1290 & 1250 BCE (19th century BCE).

If It-Towy and Pi-Ramesses are the Exodus Pithom & Ramesses, that would be even larger gap between the foundations of these 2 cities.

Are you saying Moses was born around the reign of Amenenhat I?

When are you saying Moses was born?

 

[gnostic]

The scripture 1:8 describes a “King”, which I believe is the 14th dynasty, circa 1700, then reverting back to the “Pharoah” 13th dynasty before the end of It-Towy as a capital.

The verses then mention King twice, describing the start and end of the Hyksos period, and Pharoah also twice, signifying the Egyptian takeover until the Ramasses XI circa 1100BCE.

Genesis (story of Abraham, and story of Jacob & Joseph) and Exodus (story of Moses), none of the kings were known by names. Each kings were nameless, including the pharaoh’s daughter who supposedly raised the foundling Moses (Exodus 2), was also nameless.

This is because, whoever wrote Genesis and Exodus, were never aware of Egyptian history, not in the Middle Bronze Age (c 2000 - 1590 BCE) and certainly not in Late Bronze Age (1590 - 1050 BCE), because both Genesis & Exodus were composed during the 6th century BCE, during the time when prominent hostages from Jerusalem (eg royalties, aristocrats & priesthood) were living in exile in Babylon.

Genesis & Exodus (as well as book of Joshua) were not “eyewitness” historical accounts; these books were invented history, hence these were myths.

From Genesis to Joshua, none of these books existed in the 2nd millennium BCE Bronze Age; there are no originals of any of these books - not in stone or clay tablets, not papyri or parchment scrolls, not inscribed on any Bronze Age walls or stone stelae, nor on any tombs or coffins.

But even in the 6th century BCE, none of these survived, and the only extant copies are those that were either translated into Greek, eg the Septuagint, or in the scrolls stored in the Qumran caves, eg Dead Sea Scrolls.

There are no Bronze Age “biblical” texts that exist, supposedly in the times of Moses and Joshua.

 

[GoodAttention]

Attempts at non-literal interpretation is forcing things to fit, which down the road presents unresolvable problems. The New Testament is dependent on a literal Genesis, Exodus and Noah Flood and the Apostles, and Church Fathers believed the role and nature of Jesus Christ is based on a literal Pentateuch.

I have zero concerns with any of that.

Unfortunately the Pentateuch and Exodus were written after 600 BCE as "Created History" from traditional beliefs, nd older writings like Sumerian texts.. Exodus was written as Factual History as was all of the Pentateuch.

How do you know it was written as factual history?

 

[GoodAttention]

I am not saying Joshua story wrt to Jericho was set in 1570 BCE. The Joshua narrative never happened, not the fall of Jericho, not the Israelite conquests of & migration to Canaan. there are no one named Rehab living in Jericho, just as there were no Moses and no Joshua.

I am saying that archaeologists have dated Jericho have been abandoned as early as 1570 BCE, and remained abandoned to the 11th century BCE.

The problem is that you believe the story of Moses and Joshua aligned with Egypt history and Canaan history, they don’t…nor do they align with archaeological evidence & their respective timelines.

Tell es-Sultan, the actual archaeological site of ancient & prehistoric Jericho - not the modern Jericho - have been thoroughly investigated and dated since its earliest human occupation, around 9600 BCE, shortly after the receding of the ice sheets from the last glacial period, Tell es-Sultan is like dating layers from the ice core sample, or the dating of ancient tree through the tree rings, this ancient city have successive layers of occupations.

Each layer of Tell es-Sultan showed how each time, it was occupied and abandoned. Newer city or town would be built on top of the layer of the previous older city or town. There have been as many as 20 layers.

it showed from 4500 BCE during the Late Neolithic period (5000 - 3100 BCE) to about 1550 BCE (Late Bronze Age, 1590 - 1050 BCE), it showed there have been many succeeding layers of construction, occupation & destruction, where newer layer were built on top of older layer.

Right.

I am saying the real Jericho - Tell es-Sultan - was abandoned around 1570 to 1550 BCE, and wasn’t being rebuilt over the old city until around 1100 BCE.

I am giving you the same date.

Even if Pithom is It-Towy, instead of Pi-Tem, then Pi-Ramesses still wouldn’t exist, as it was being built during the reigns of Seti I & Ramesseses II, between 1290 & 1250 BCE (19th century BCE).

If It-Towy and Pi-Ramesses are the Exodus Pithom & Ramesses, that would be even larger gap between the foundations of these 2 cities.

As I keep telling you, I do not interpret the timeline within the scriptures to be linear or simple.

Are you saying Moses was born around the reign of Amenenhat I?

When are you saying Moses was born?

I believe Moses was born sometime during the 13th and 14th dynasties of Egypt, as well as after the death of Joseph.

This fits neatly between 1803-1677BCE.

If I had to pick a year I would say 1780BCE, but my point is the year isn't important to me.

 

[GoodAttention]

Genesis (story of Abraham, and story of Jacob & Joseph) and Exodus (story of Moses), none of the kings were known by names. Each kings were nameless, including the pharaoh’s daughter who supposedly raised the foundling Moses (Exodus 2), was also nameless.

This is because, whoever wrote Genesis and Exodus, were never aware of Egyptian history, not in the Middle Bronze Age (c 2000 - 1590 BCE) and certainly not in Late Bronze Age (1590 - 1050 BCE), because both Genesis & Exodus were composed during the 6th century BCE, during the time when prominent hostages from Jerusalem (eg royalties, aristocrats & priesthood) were living in exile in Babylon.

Genesis & Exodus (as well as book of Joshua) were not “eyewitness” historical accounts; these books were invented history, hence these were myths.

From Genesis to Joshua, none of these books existed in the 2nd millennium BCE Bronze Age; there are no originals of any of these books - not in stone or clay tablets, not papyri or parchment scrolls, not inscribed on any Bronze Age walls or stone stelae, nor on any tombs or coffins.

But even in the 6th century BCE, none of these survived, and the only extant copies are those that were either translated into Greek, eg the Septuagint, or in the scrolls stored in the Qumran caves, eg Dead Sea Scrolls.

There are no Bronze Age “biblical” texts that exist, supposedly in the times of Moses and Joshua.

I feel like you are gearing up to make a conclusion but then you stop short of doing so.

What is your point?

 

[gnostic]

I believe Moses was born sometime during the 13th and 14th dynasties of Egypt, as well as after the death of Joseph.

This fits neatly between 1803-1677BCE.

If I had to pick a year I would say 1780BCE, but my point is the year isn't important to me.

If were to believe that Solomon was a real king, which I don’t, because there are no evidence to support his reign, his fable empire and wealth.

But based on the kings of Judah, (1 & 2 Kings) calculated backwards the length of reigns (from Zedekiah to Rehoboam), Solomon would have reigned from 970 to 930 BCE (approximate dates).

It stated in 1 Kings 6:1, when Solomon commissioned the construction of the Temple in the 4th year of his reign…that would put it in 967 BCE. My point in bringing up this verse - 1 Kings 6:1 - it stated when the Israelites “exodus” out of Egypt occurred (Exodus 12:37, the newly freed Israelites leaving from Rameses), happened 480 years earlier:

1 Kings 6:1 (NRSV)

6

1 In the four hundred eightieth year after the Israelites came out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomon’s reign over Israel, in the month of Ziv, which is the second month, he began to build the house of the Lord.

If this is true (which I stressed, I don’t think so), then based on these numbers, the Israelites leaving from city of Rameses (Exodus 12:37) would have occurred 1447 BCE. (Calculation: 967 BCE + 480 years = 1447 BCE)

As we know that Moses was 80 when this happen, then Moses would have been born 1527 BCE and died around 1407 BCE.

So the date for Moses‘ birth and the so-called construction of Pithom and Rameses would fall outside of your claim of “1803-1677BCE”.

Just how did you get your dates?

 

[gnostic]

I feel like you are gearing up to make a conclusion but then you stop short of doing so.

What is your point?

the points are the books from Genesis to Joshua don’t exist in the 2nd millennium BCE Bronze Age. These books were composed around the time of exiles in Babylon, 6th century BCE.

They are invented history, created by the priesthood. Hence these books are books of myths.

 

[GoodAttention]

If were to believe that Solomon was a real king, which I don’t, because there are no evidence to support his reign, his fable empire and wealth.

But based on the kings of Judah, (1 & 2 Kings) calculated backwards the length of reigns (from Zedekiah to Rehoboam), Solomon would have reigned from 970 to 930 BCE (approximate dates).

It stated in 1 Kings 6:1, when Solomon commissioned the construction of the Temple in the 4th year of his reign…that would put it in 967 BCE. My point in bringing up this verse - 1 Kings 6:1 - it stated when the Israelites “exodus” out of Egypt occurred (Exodus 12:37, the newly freed Israelites leaving from Rameses), happened 480 years earlier:

I haven't read Kings, but my understanding is that it is not to be read literally.

If this is true (which I stressed, I don’t think so), then based on these numbers, the Israelites leaving from city of Rameses (Exodus 12:37) would have occurred 1447 BCE. (Calculation: 967 BCE + 480 years = 1447 BCE)

As we know that Moses was 80 when this happen, then Moses would have been born 1527 BCE and died around 1407 BCE.

So the date for Moses‘ birth and the so-called construction of Pithom and Rameses would fall outside of your claim of “1803-1677BCE”.

Just how did you get your dates?

First, Joseph died around 1803BCE. This is important because it is AFTER this date that the Hebrews become slaves, and male-born babies are told to be killed.

Second, in Chapter 1 and onwards there is a clear separation between referring to a Pharoah and to a King. I believe this is important as it gives us a timeline of events. There are 3 time periods being described.

Pharoah - King: 13th Dynasty ruling from Pitom, and 14th Dynasty (Canaanite?) ruling from Xios between 1803-1677BCE.

King-King: 15th Dynasty of Hyksos ruling from 1650-1550BCE

Pharoah - Pharoah: 18th Dynasty to 20th Dynasty 1549 - 1077BCE

However, the last period the time of slavery is only during Pi-Ramesses 1290 - 1077BCE.

This also means that between 1549-1292 BCE, there is relative "calm" or peace for the Israelites within Egypt.


Now, if you want to consider numbers, you can add the Pitom, Hyksos, and Ramesses periods together getting 439 years of slavery/mistreatment. This is adusted depending on when Joseph is forgotten.

Going back to the King/Pharaoh distinction, we can read in Chapter 5 verse 4 and 5 referring to a King and Pharoah separately. It is my belief that the 14th dynasty was subordinate to the 13th dynasty in Pitom, and that the slave drivers were in fact the ruling family in Xios.

 

[GoodAttention]

the points are the books from Genesis to Joshua don’t exist in the 2nd millennium BCE Bronze Age. These books were composed around the time of exiles in Babylon, 6th century BCE.

They are invented history, created by the priesthood. Hence these books are books of myths.

What is your interest in discussing books of myths?

 

[gnostic]

I haven't read Kings, but my understanding is that it is not to be read literally.

well, as a source to the Old Testament Bible, whether we in it literally or symbolically, it is still a source, and 1 Kings 6:1 does stated that the Moses’ exodus started 480 years prior to Solomon’s temple construction.

me, I don’t believe that Solomon was a real historical person, that he and his wealthy empire is as mythological as the stories about Adam, Abraham, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Joshua, etc.

That’s the difference between you and me, I am treating the Genesis to Joshua stories as myths, none of these events happened, as they were all invented during the 6th century BCE.

yo can believe all you want, but none of these dates - the years provided these books can be verified and validated by history & archaeology of Egypt during the 2nd millennium BCE.

For instance, your claim that Joseph died in 1803 BCE, is made-up date, in which genesis cannot even name the king who ruled the time of famine and appointed him as second in charge of his kingdom. It is a myth, that have no historical value or accuracy at all.

If Joseph, then how come there are no 12th dynasty records of Joseph in the reign of Amenemhat III (1860 - 1814 BCE) who supposedly lived through the famine, or the reign of Sobekneferu (1806- 1802 BCE), who was ruling Egypt at the time of Joseph supposed death.

Plus, there are no records of 7-year famine in Egypt during the reign of Amenemhat III.

 

[gnostic]

What is your interest in discussing books of myths?

I was creator of two websites - Timeless Myths (1999) and Dark Mirrors of Heaven (2006). I have sold them in 2000 during the COVID lockdown.

Between 1999 and 2008, I was very active in researching myths.

Both sites are now one, under www.timelessmyths.com

I loved history and myths. The difference between you and I, is that I don’t confuse myths with history, which apparently you cannot do.

 

[GoodAttention]

I was creator of two websites - Timeless Myths (1999) and Dark Mirrors of Heaven (2006). I have sold them in 2000 during the COVID lockdown.

Between 1999 and 2008, I was very active in researching myths.

Both sites are now one, under www.timelessmyths.com

I loved history and myths. The difference between you and I, is that I don’t confuse myths with history, which apparently you cannot do.

In all those years what have you determined?

That you couldn’t reconcile the scriptures with known history.

Myth may as well be synonymous with fiction. You should use the word fiction if that is what you have concluded.

 

[Dimi95]

Attempts at non-literal interpretation is forcing things to fit, which down the road presents unresolvable problems. The New Testament is dependent on a literal Genesis, Exodus and Noah Flood and the Apostles, and Church Fathers believed the role and nature of Jesus Christ is based on a literal Pentateuch.

Name the Church Fathers please and their letters.

 

[Jayhawker Soule]

Myth may as well be synonymous with fiction. You should use the word fiction if that is what you have concluded.

One of my rabbis once taught: "The text is not myth; it is Myth." That is, it is etiological story intending to convey key 'truths'. The fact/fiction dichotomy is a relatively modern construct.

Parenthetically, I would argue that looking at Genesis and Exodus through the same lens is shallow at best.