Yes and no, yes you can basically find most of my post ( point 9 and 10 aren't really adressed there) in the first sentence of the quran (transl:"Only thanks and praise belong to Allah the Rabb of everything thats created", Rabb is often translated as lord or master, but means owner, the one who has full authority to do what he wants with that which he owns , the one who takes care of that which he owns, the one who sets that which he owns in the right direction, the granter of gifts, the one on which everything depends to exist).
No, because 1 it isn't really an argument, I just mentioned the muslim POV and how the problem OP mentioned doesn't exist in islam (or that was my intention atleast).
2 Muslims have more than 1 source of information, they have the quran and then they have the authentic hadiths. My argument can be found in both of these sources. One hadith that talks about this can be found in Sahih muslim. The prophet (peace be upon him) said: “How wonderful is the affair of the believer, for his affairs are all good, and this applies to no one but the believer. If something good happens to him, he is thankful for it and that is good for him. If something bad happens to him, he bears it with patience and that is good for him.” I can't interpret the quran myself without the hadith(=narrations that date back to the time of the companions of the prophet (peace be upon him) ) and without years of studying so I rely on the interpretation of others who have hadith to back up every point they make. Its not blindly following because it can be verified (source is mentioned) and because these hadiths are a necessity for the quran to be interpreted. If one knows the arabic language one can understand the majority of the quran. There is however a smaller part of the quran that uses more ambiguous language even though clearer language could have been used, but this indicates the necessity of referring to the hadiths (btw there is also an even smaller part with no explanation of its meaning at all). Without hadith no muslim can say anything with regards to for example drinking alcohol, because in the quran the prohibition of alcohol goes through a number of stages and at first it wasn't forbidden, but discouraged, then it became forbidden to go to prayer in a drunken state and finally the fulltime ban came. Without hadith (= also historical context) there isn't a chronological order and one can make the claim that it was forbidden at first because the society was highly corrupted and then became permissible as the corruption decreased. One could even make the claim that all verses of the quran are figurative in meaning and thus one can any meaning to any verse with no way of being refuted from an islamic POV (=> deviant groups like Isis, Boko Haram, the shias and sufis to name a few can't be refuted). Instead of trying to figure out our own highly subjective islam we go for the objective version of islam, the same islam of the prophet Muhammed(peace be upon him) and his companions , where there is room for different interpretations, as long as these different opinions are valid. I would like to explain how different interpretations work since it might seem contradicting but this post is already too long, and your original question should be answered by now and I'm probably just boring you at this point