siti
Well-Known Member
contd from How are these Great Beings explained?
Compulsory education for all, both materially and spiritual. Such knowledge is as wings to the spirit of man.
“At the outset of every endeavor, it is incumbent to look to the end of it. Of all the arts and sciences, set the children to studying those which will result in advantage to man, will ensure his progress and elevate his rank. Thus the noisome odors of lawlessness will be dispelled…”- Baha’u’llah, Lawh-i-Maqsud (1882)
“To train and educate the rising generation will at all times be the first object of society, to which every other will be subordinate.” – Robert Owen, The Social System — Constitution, Laws, and Regulations of a Community (1826)
“It is therefore, the interest of all, that every one, from birth, should be well educated, physically and mentally, that society may be improved in its character, — that everyone should be beneficially employed, physically and mentally, that the greatest amount of wealth may be created, and knowledge attained, — that everyone should be placed in the midst of those external circumstances that will produce the greatest number of pleasurable sensations, through the longest life, that man may be made truly intelligent, moral and happy, and be thus prepared to enter upon the coming Millennium.” – Robert Owen, A Development of the Principles & Plans on which to establish self-supporting Home Colonies (1841)
A common universal language
“His Holiness Bahá’u’lláh wrote about this international language more than forty years ago. He says that as long as an international language is not adopted, complete union between the various sections of the world will be unrealized, for we observe that misunderstandings keep people from mutual association, and these misunderstandings will not be dispelled except through an international auxiliary language.” – Abdu’l Baha, in a speech at an Esperanto banquet in Paris, 1913.
In 1668 (more than 200 years before Baha’u’llah wrote about it) a clergyman by the name of John Wilkins had, at the behest of fellow members of the Royal Society, published An Essay Towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language in which he proposed a universal language that he hoped would “Besides the most obvious advantage which would ensue, of facilitating mutual commerce amongst the several nations of the world, and the improving of natural knowledge; it would likewise very much conduce to the spreading of religion…likewise contribute much to the clearing of our modern differences in religion”
On the occasion of opening the Institute for the Formation of Character (as he called his School) in 1816, Robert Owen looked forward to a time “when there shall be but one language and one nation; and when fear of want or of any evil among men shall be known no more.”
The establishment of a supreme international tribunal and cooperation between all nations and peoples for the betterment of the world…
…and…
An international court of arbitration
I have discussed this briefly earlier. The ancient Greeks had practiced international arbitration centuries earlier – perhaps as early as the 6th or 7th centuries BCE.
“There is but one mode by which man can possess in perpetuity all the happiness which his nature is capable of enjoying, - that is by the union and co-operation of ALL for the benefit of EACH.
Union and co-operation in war obviously increase the power of the individual a thousand fold. Is there the shadow of a reason why they should not produce equal effects in peace; why the principle of co-operation should not give to men the same superior powers, and advantages, (and much greater) in the creation, preservation, distribution and enjoyment of wealth?” Robert Owen, The Social System, (1826)
Epistles that address Kings and rulers of the earth
In 1841, Robert Owen wrote a pamphlet in which he addresses the Governments of Great Britain, Austria, Russia, France, Prussia and the United States of America as follows: “The Supreme Power of the Universe has, now, placed the sovereignty of the earth for a time, at your united disposl. To you, is given the High and Mighty trust, in this your day of power, to effect, by your union, wisely directed, the greatest good that human agency has ever attained for man. You have now, at your control, the means, in the most abundant superfluity, to give such direction to the industry, skill, and mental faculties of the human race, that they shall, speedily, fertilize and beautify the earth; and greatly to improve the character and condition of the present generation; and form all its inhabitants of the succeeding generations, to be useful, healthy, intelligent, essentially good, wise and happy”
I have already quoted a couple of excerpts from the rest of this pamphlet and other quotes from Owen that show the nature of the counsel he offered to the “rulers of the earth” decades before Baha’u’llah wrote anything. Was Owen divinely inspired?
Religion identified as the basis of true civilisation and its necessity to maintain order and tranquility in the world
In this case, Abdu’l Baha himself attests to the fact that this ‘identification’ of religion as the basis of true civilization had been made a very long time before it was adopted as a Baha’I principle: ‘A Greek philosopher living in the days of the youth of Christianity, being full of the Christian element, though not a professing Christian, wrote thus: “It is my belief that religion is the very foundation of true civilization.”’ – Abdu’l Baha, Paris Talks (1912)
Robert Owen (who I have focussed on quite a bit in these responses) did not profess to be a religious leader, but despite his usual designation in history as the “Father of British Socialism”, he did have this to say (in 1800) on the topic of religion: “As there are a very great variety of religious sects in the world (and which are probably adapted to different constitutions under different circumstances, seeing there are many good and conscientious characters in each), it is particularly recommended, as a means of uniting the inhabitants of the village into one family, that while each faithfully adheres to the principles which he most approves, at the same time all shall think charitably of their neighbours respecting their religious opinions, and not presumptuously suppose that theirs alone are right.”
And by 1840, he seemed to have remained of a similar opinion as he wrote among his rules for a “rational system of society”: “But all, of every religion, shall have equal right to express their opinions respecting the great Incomprehensible Power which moves the atom and controls the universe; and to worship that power under any form or in any manner agreeable to their consciences – not interfering with others.”
Reduction of armaments to the extent neccesary to protect one's territories and all nations jointly disposing of weapons of mass destruction
Well – swords into ploughshares – that certainly wasn’t a new idea in 19th century and – in keeping with a fair bit of my response so far, I can report that Robert Owen also hoped for a future when international cooperation and unity would remove the need for weapons of any kind:
“…such is my confidence in the truth of the principles on which the system tam about to introduce is founded, that I hesitate not to assert their power heartily to incline all men to say, “This system is assuredly true, and therefore eminently calculated to realize those invaluable precepts of the Gospel—universal charity, goodwill, and peace among men. Hitherto we must have been trained in error; and we hail it as the harbinger of that period when our swords shall be turned into ploughshares, and our spears into pruning-hooks; when universal love and benevolence shall prevail; when there shall be but one language and one nation; and when fear of want or of any evil among men shall be known no more.” – Robert Owen, Address the Inhabitants of New Lanark, 1816 (my bold)
Humans have probably harboured this dream for as long as we have been a species, but in the modern world, the first chemical weapons treaty was the Strasbourg Agreement of 1675 between France and the Vatican. Admittedly not much genuine progress was made between then and the Geneva Convention but it has never been off the agenda entirely either. So neither the desirability nor the practice of disarmament were new in the 19th century.
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I was going to write to be continued again but I think I'm getting a bit bored with this now and I'm sure anyone else who has had the misfortune to actually read them is too.
I think I'll close there as most of the non-religious aspects are covered and its abundantly clear that almost all of them were far from new ideas even at the time of Baha'u'llah's youth. Whether or not he had access to writings about these things is not the point. The point is the ideas were already well-established in either ancient, medieval or early modern thought. These notions are not the sign of divine inspiration but the signs of a maturing humanity - a maturing secular humanistic worldview in which the inherent value of each individual human life, regardless of ethnicity, creed or colour, was (is) becoming increasingly important in guiding the progress of nations and of the global human family. Long may that trend continue - with or without religion. As Abdu'l Baha put it "If religion becomes a cause of dislike, hatred and division it would be better to be without it". History will ultimately judge the matter - but unless we manage to somehow incorporate the age-old humanistic principles that are so strikingly similar to the "new" revelations of Baha'u'llah and divest ourselves of the need to look to "divinely constituted" religious authority to determine what we should think about reality, I'm not sure religion can make it as a long term strategy for social cohesion on a global scale.
Compulsory education for all, both materially and spiritual. Such knowledge is as wings to the spirit of man.
“At the outset of every endeavor, it is incumbent to look to the end of it. Of all the arts and sciences, set the children to studying those which will result in advantage to man, will ensure his progress and elevate his rank. Thus the noisome odors of lawlessness will be dispelled…”- Baha’u’llah, Lawh-i-Maqsud (1882)
“To train and educate the rising generation will at all times be the first object of society, to which every other will be subordinate.” – Robert Owen, The Social System — Constitution, Laws, and Regulations of a Community (1826)
“It is therefore, the interest of all, that every one, from birth, should be well educated, physically and mentally, that society may be improved in its character, — that everyone should be beneficially employed, physically and mentally, that the greatest amount of wealth may be created, and knowledge attained, — that everyone should be placed in the midst of those external circumstances that will produce the greatest number of pleasurable sensations, through the longest life, that man may be made truly intelligent, moral and happy, and be thus prepared to enter upon the coming Millennium.” – Robert Owen, A Development of the Principles & Plans on which to establish self-supporting Home Colonies (1841)
A common universal language
“His Holiness Bahá’u’lláh wrote about this international language more than forty years ago. He says that as long as an international language is not adopted, complete union between the various sections of the world will be unrealized, for we observe that misunderstandings keep people from mutual association, and these misunderstandings will not be dispelled except through an international auxiliary language.” – Abdu’l Baha, in a speech at an Esperanto banquet in Paris, 1913.
In 1668 (more than 200 years before Baha’u’llah wrote about it) a clergyman by the name of John Wilkins had, at the behest of fellow members of the Royal Society, published An Essay Towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language in which he proposed a universal language that he hoped would “Besides the most obvious advantage which would ensue, of facilitating mutual commerce amongst the several nations of the world, and the improving of natural knowledge; it would likewise very much conduce to the spreading of religion…likewise contribute much to the clearing of our modern differences in religion”
On the occasion of opening the Institute for the Formation of Character (as he called his School) in 1816, Robert Owen looked forward to a time “when there shall be but one language and one nation; and when fear of want or of any evil among men shall be known no more.”
The establishment of a supreme international tribunal and cooperation between all nations and peoples for the betterment of the world…
…and…
An international court of arbitration
I have discussed this briefly earlier. The ancient Greeks had practiced international arbitration centuries earlier – perhaps as early as the 6th or 7th centuries BCE.
“There is but one mode by which man can possess in perpetuity all the happiness which his nature is capable of enjoying, - that is by the union and co-operation of ALL for the benefit of EACH.
Union and co-operation in war obviously increase the power of the individual a thousand fold. Is there the shadow of a reason why they should not produce equal effects in peace; why the principle of co-operation should not give to men the same superior powers, and advantages, (and much greater) in the creation, preservation, distribution and enjoyment of wealth?” Robert Owen, The Social System, (1826)
Epistles that address Kings and rulers of the earth
In 1841, Robert Owen wrote a pamphlet in which he addresses the Governments of Great Britain, Austria, Russia, France, Prussia and the United States of America as follows: “The Supreme Power of the Universe has, now, placed the sovereignty of the earth for a time, at your united disposl. To you, is given the High and Mighty trust, in this your day of power, to effect, by your union, wisely directed, the greatest good that human agency has ever attained for man. You have now, at your control, the means, in the most abundant superfluity, to give such direction to the industry, skill, and mental faculties of the human race, that they shall, speedily, fertilize and beautify the earth; and greatly to improve the character and condition of the present generation; and form all its inhabitants of the succeeding generations, to be useful, healthy, intelligent, essentially good, wise and happy”
I have already quoted a couple of excerpts from the rest of this pamphlet and other quotes from Owen that show the nature of the counsel he offered to the “rulers of the earth” decades before Baha’u’llah wrote anything. Was Owen divinely inspired?
Religion identified as the basis of true civilisation and its necessity to maintain order and tranquility in the world
In this case, Abdu’l Baha himself attests to the fact that this ‘identification’ of religion as the basis of true civilization had been made a very long time before it was adopted as a Baha’I principle: ‘A Greek philosopher living in the days of the youth of Christianity, being full of the Christian element, though not a professing Christian, wrote thus: “It is my belief that religion is the very foundation of true civilization.”’ – Abdu’l Baha, Paris Talks (1912)
Robert Owen (who I have focussed on quite a bit in these responses) did not profess to be a religious leader, but despite his usual designation in history as the “Father of British Socialism”, he did have this to say (in 1800) on the topic of religion: “As there are a very great variety of religious sects in the world (and which are probably adapted to different constitutions under different circumstances, seeing there are many good and conscientious characters in each), it is particularly recommended, as a means of uniting the inhabitants of the village into one family, that while each faithfully adheres to the principles which he most approves, at the same time all shall think charitably of their neighbours respecting their religious opinions, and not presumptuously suppose that theirs alone are right.”
And by 1840, he seemed to have remained of a similar opinion as he wrote among his rules for a “rational system of society”: “But all, of every religion, shall have equal right to express their opinions respecting the great Incomprehensible Power which moves the atom and controls the universe; and to worship that power under any form or in any manner agreeable to their consciences – not interfering with others.”
Reduction of armaments to the extent neccesary to protect one's territories and all nations jointly disposing of weapons of mass destruction
Well – swords into ploughshares – that certainly wasn’t a new idea in 19th century and – in keeping with a fair bit of my response so far, I can report that Robert Owen also hoped for a future when international cooperation and unity would remove the need for weapons of any kind:
“…such is my confidence in the truth of the principles on which the system tam about to introduce is founded, that I hesitate not to assert their power heartily to incline all men to say, “This system is assuredly true, and therefore eminently calculated to realize those invaluable precepts of the Gospel—universal charity, goodwill, and peace among men. Hitherto we must have been trained in error; and we hail it as the harbinger of that period when our swords shall be turned into ploughshares, and our spears into pruning-hooks; when universal love and benevolence shall prevail; when there shall be but one language and one nation; and when fear of want or of any evil among men shall be known no more.” – Robert Owen, Address the Inhabitants of New Lanark, 1816 (my bold)
Humans have probably harboured this dream for as long as we have been a species, but in the modern world, the first chemical weapons treaty was the Strasbourg Agreement of 1675 between France and the Vatican. Admittedly not much genuine progress was made between then and the Geneva Convention but it has never been off the agenda entirely either. So neither the desirability nor the practice of disarmament were new in the 19th century.
---
I was going to write to be continued again but I think I'm getting a bit bored with this now and I'm sure anyone else who has had the misfortune to actually read them is too.
I think I'll close there as most of the non-religious aspects are covered and its abundantly clear that almost all of them were far from new ideas even at the time of Baha'u'llah's youth. Whether or not he had access to writings about these things is not the point. The point is the ideas were already well-established in either ancient, medieval or early modern thought. These notions are not the sign of divine inspiration but the signs of a maturing humanity - a maturing secular humanistic worldview in which the inherent value of each individual human life, regardless of ethnicity, creed or colour, was (is) becoming increasingly important in guiding the progress of nations and of the global human family. Long may that trend continue - with or without religion. As Abdu'l Baha put it "If religion becomes a cause of dislike, hatred and division it would be better to be without it". History will ultimately judge the matter - but unless we manage to somehow incorporate the age-old humanistic principles that are so strikingly similar to the "new" revelations of Baha'u'llah and divest ourselves of the need to look to "divinely constituted" religious authority to determine what we should think about reality, I'm not sure religion can make it as a long term strategy for social cohesion on a global scale.