I highly recommend you check out 2 Esdras though. Not just for the allusions of Messiah but also because of the detail of how Scripture came to be after the Yahudah's return from Babylon - including the formation of an early canon.
I gather that the apocryphal Esdras have different names by different churches. If you're referring to the one where Ezra writes the 94 books, then I've read that (in Hebrew it's called Ezra 4 or the External/Apocryphal Ezra). That particular section goes against one of the prime concepts in Judaism, which is the unbroken chain of tradition. Obviously the author wished to praise Ezra, but in doing so he was also undermining all of Jewish tradition.
As I understand it, Susanna may have been deliberately left out due to the controversial depiction of the leaders in the book. It didn't paint them a great light at all, and so may have been "edited" out along with other books that didn't harmonise with the Pharisaic standpoint.
I've heard this. And this is a claim made at least as far back as Origen (
Letter to Africanus), but nope. I prefer Jerome's explanation per his discussions with actual Jews of his time, which was very close to the time the Jewish canon was locked:
"The Hebrews say that these men who "committed foolishness in Israel" and "committed adultery with the wives of their fellow citizens" are the elders to whom Daniel spoke...But what is said in the present passage, "whom the king of Babylon roasted in the fire," appears to contradict the
historia of Daniel, which asserts that the elders were stoned to death by the people as a result of Daniel's judgement, whereas here it is written that the king of Babylon roasted them in the fire. For this reason, this story is rejected as a mere fable by many of us and by almost all of the Hebrews; nor do they read it in their synagogues. "For how could it be," it is argued, "that captives had the authority to stone their own leaders and prophets?" (
Source)
Origen's explanation makes little sense to me, when considering that Tanach is stuffed to the brim with scenes that depict Israelite leaders in controversial positions and actions.
One could assume that, but should they?
Which do you think is wiser? Assessing a book for yourself, using your acute powers of analysis, or assuming someone else has done so adequately before? If we assume real infallible geniuses have gone before us, then what new ground can we ever hope to break? With that assumption, over time wouldn't we slowly and consistently become reductive in our own opinions and experiences?
You have touched upon a point that I'm coming to realize more and more is a key difference between Judaism and Christianity, and was also noted by the guy in that video: in Judaism, the sages of past generations are considered greater, both in knowledge and in holiness. Criticism of these sages is generally based on
their spiritual level, not by comparing them to later generations. That dude in the video stated something about either Irenaeus or Justin Martyr - can't remember which one - saying something along the lines of "He took great liberties with scripture, I wish I could meet him just to point out all of his mistakes". Which undermines the term "Church Father". Meaning, being a "Church Father" is merely a title and doesn't mean that you were on a higher spiritual level than modern-day Christians. It seems to me that you're suggesting the same. That's fine, stick to your views if you wish. But that's not our views. Generations long past were greater than us. Not infallible, but certainly greater than us in many aspects.
Thus, my personal analysis will only get me so far. I trust the teachings of our sages. You may appreciate at the very least that these men had access to ancient traditions long since lost to us. Consider that 1500-2000 years ago was much closer to the times of the last prophets (in particular according to the Jewish chronology) than our time.
It's another one worth checking out. Even if it's as approached as a fiction novel.
You reminded me now of one particular paragraph in Jubilees that was undermined in the Talmud:
"And in this thirty-ninth jubilee, in the second week in the first year, Terah took to himself a wife, and her name was
’Êdnâ,
the daughter of ’Abrâm the daughter of his father's sister. And in the seventh year of this week she bare him a son, and he called his name Abram, by the name of the father of his mother; for he had died before his daughter had conceived a son." (
Jubilees 11)
While in the Talmud it says:
"And Rav Hanan bar Rava says that Rav says: The mother of Abraham was called
Amatlai bat Karnevo." (
Bava Batra 91a)
Few apocryphal works are referenced by name by the sages of the Mishnaic and Talmudic periods, but this may be a hint towards at least one reason why Jubilees was not included in Tanach. As to why this tradition is more trustworthy than Jubilees's, that's an interesting subject in itself, but the short answer is that there's recorded evidence that Rav himself knew many more traditions and had access to ancient texts that we no longer have.