Gharib
I want Khilafah back
I agree with much of what you say. But I have a question. In the type of government you want back. How would the Islamic lands under the new Caliph coexist with non Muslim nations of the world? Respectfully.
A Khilafah (Islamic State) is different yet similar to Democracy.
A Khilafah is founded on belief. So anyone who is a Muslim would be considered a citizen in this case, while anyone who is not a Muslim but lives under this Khilafah as a society they live autonomously. There are some restriction or rules that apply to them but most do not because Islamic law only applies to Muslims.
Just as I live in a non-Muslim country, any wage that I earn I must pay tax, so too would a non-Muslim have to pay a form of tax and in return they receive protection from the State. But within this Khilafah it is an open border policy, no one is refused entry so long as they abide by the law. And especially refugees would never be turned away. In Islamic countries, which was once one land with one leader, we had centres for travelers. Anyone who was passing by to go somewhere they could go to this centre for a maximum period of three days, where they would have free food, a place to sleep in for free and free access to medicine/doctor.
Some parts of southern Europe which were under Ottoman rule to this day have those buildings standing. They are used for other purposes now, but that's that they once served for.
As for how it could coexist with non-Muslim nations around it, we are encouraged to make peace with them. There is special emphasis in the Qur'an to first seek peace with others even at times of war. I can post those verses if you wish.