If corruption by business were the singular problem, then we should see better government
where there is no business, eg, the USSR, PRC. But our socialist friends saw massive
corruption too, particularly in the USSR. So I see the problem as more universal. We need
a comprehensive & systematic approach to avoiding it, detecting it, & punishing the offenders.
One example of a systemic problem is that states can offer special tax deals to particular
industries or companies. This is ripe for corruption, & should be made illegal at the federal
level. Thus, states would have to compete for business without special favors.
Another example is police corruption....cops can commit crimes, & they're often allowed
to resign, & their record is hidden from future employers. This enables criminals to remain
in law enforcement. Michigan is working to end this crime enabling practice by police depts.
Michigan aims to stop job-hopping after police misconduct
Well, they had businesses in the USSR and PRC. They may not have been the same as ours, but they still had resources, assets, money, gold, business enterprises, etc. Plus, they also had dealings with other countries which did have businesses more like ours, so the potential for corruption was always there. One could suggest that the fall of the USSR itself (and China's concurrent shift towards capitalism) were acts of corruption, in and of themselves. Their leaders wanted a life of wealth and luxury, and that's what they got. (I'm not sure that Stalin or Mao would have approved, though.)
I think that our own Founders implemented the system of checks and balances as a way of keeping tyranny and corruption at bay. We may not be able to change human nature or the propensity towards corruption - but we
can keep a better eye on it and rein it in when necessary.
I agree that there are some systemic changes that can be made to alleviate and minimize the damage caused by corruption. The proposal to prevent job-hopping after police misconduct sounds promising and something I would support.
But using that example, I would point up that one problem with corruption at that level is that in our culture, there is too much "faith" in the system that blinds people to the lower side of human nature. I see it all the time whenever there's some public discussion after some newsworthy example of police misconduct. There are far too many people willing to rush forward and run interference to protect rotten cops because they've been raised to have too much respect for "authority" and too much blind faith in the "system." That, I believe, goes to the very root of the "big lie" and why corruption is able to persist.
For similar reasons, it's why the priest abuse scandals were allowed to fester for as long as they did before anything was done about it. A common view is that priests are "men of God" and would never do anything wrong. To accuse a priest was considered tantamount to blaspheming against God - unless one had incontrovertible evidence and solid proof of an extraordinary degree (which is extremely difficult, if not impossible).
It hasn't escaped notice that when a high-level official is accused, they get far greater consideration than those at the lower levels of society. I've heard it suggested that if O.J. Simpson was just another poor black man from the ghetto, he would have been found guilty in less than day. But because he was a rich and famous celebrity, he was treated differently. He could afford high-priced lawyers and drag the trial on for months - and the system allows this.
This phenomenon, just by itself, is an example of corruption at the highest levels. Vincent Bugliosi wrote a book about the O.J. trial and also mentioned that there is a phenomenon in the legal system and in our culture where judges are elevated to some "sacrosanct" level where people are blinded by faith and think of them as infallible and incorruptible.
It may have something to do with the black robes they wear, making them look more like priests in the eyes of the public. Judges even have the power to summarily lock someone up for blasphemy, although they call it "contempt of court." We wouldn't like it if the President had the power to lock up anyone who mouths off to him, yet society seems to be okay with the idea of giving judges that kind of power. Doesn't seem right to me, and it's yet another avenue towards corruption and abuse of power.
My view is that the best way to eliminate abuses of power is to take away that power and put it back in the hands of the people (but not business). The business community and capitalism has its own "faithful adherents" who are willing to turn the blind eye to their misdeeds as well.