That's not really an answer is it? The prophets that G-d sent were not because the Jews were rebellious. There are many prophecies that have nothing to do with rebellion. And if G-d sends prophets to the rebellious, then where is the prophet that is correcting ISIS and Ahmaddis and all the rest?
Between the last Jewish prophet and Muhammad 1,000 years past. If the Jews were rebellious, why didn't He send more prophets?
It is very doubtful, because all the Jews know that it is a metaphor, because G-d does not impregnate women. Otherwise we would not have such a big problem with Christianity.
Regardless of all this, my argument still stands, because if this was some time in the past, then why does the ayah condemn the Jews for it instead of praising them for fixing the error?
If there is no verses in Torah did not mention that Jews were rebellious with messangers of God, I would believe you.
Actually God sent many messangers and then being rebellious with ,that's did not consider as favor. on contrary that condemnation.
Story of Uzar, just like story of calf,and sabath ....etc
Read your Torah(corrupted Torah), you will find you that it named Jews, and some messangers, "son of God ", not wonder the Jews consider someone of them as son of God.
EDITED to add
for your comments why God did not send again,ISIS ..;etc
we can't order God what to do, after He sent His messages.