This thread will take forever.
There is repeated cross over from from concept to another, and I see no hope of sorting the differences.
Consciousness, leans much more to the bodily awareness or self awareness.
It is readily noted how your awareness can be removed, for a variety of cause. Injury, chemical exposure, simply looking the other way, to name a few.
The mindful qualities, such as emotional response, and cultural training, are not so obvious, but readily referred to during a discussion of behavior.
A conscientious person would perform, in a predictable manner toward his fellow man (or animal).
You would find this written almost side by side in any dictionary, which in turn may be some of the cause for confusion.
As for proving the existence of God, to say our abilities are proof of His....
no....the one idea doesn't follow the other.
I believe Man to be a rendering of evolution.
As such, his intellect had to mature, more so than the rest of the animal world, before an awareness of spiritual life could take hold.
On Day Six....God created Man. No names. No law. And the ablility to manipulate almost anything.
Day Seven God rests. The creation process has stopped.
Then comes Chapter Two.
Apparently the development of Man was not going well.
So God, took a specimen, and placed him into ideal living conditions.
God breathed a soul into him.
Adam became aware of himself, and realized he was different than the rest of the animal life, enough so that a mate could not be found for him.
God rendered him unconscious. God took a rib.
Adam regained his consciousness.
The rib was increased to full stature, and while doing so genetically altered to be female.
Adam was given his twin sister for a bride. Eve is a clone and did not have a navel.
Some one had to be aware...at some point...that this story was witnessed.
I relate this, for at some point in the past, Man exceeded the abilities of his fellow animal. That is not to say animals lack awareness.
We are simply more able.