What is the Trinity?
The Trinity began to take shape as a doctrine of the early church in the 3rd century CE, and appears in the Apostles’ Creed c. 390. (The word itself doesn’t appear in the NT, of course. Its earliest known use is by Theophilos of Antioch in 180, as Greek τριάς, but not with its present meaning.)
The doctrine states: ‘The One God exists as three persons and one substance’ (Oxford Dict. of the Christian Church) also phrased, ‘In the unity of the Godhead there are Three Persons, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, these Three Persons being truly distinct one from another’ (Catholic Encyclopedia).
This is incoherent, of course, and not just incoherent but acknowledged to be so. OxDCC calls it ‘a mystery in the strict sense’ ie the doctrine ‘can neither be known by unaided human reason apart from revelation, nor cogently demonstrated by reason after it has been revealed’. The Cath. Encl. calls it an ‘absolute mystery’: ‘An absolute mystery is a truth whose existence or possibility could not be discovered by a creature, and whose essence (inner substantial being) can be expressed by the finite mind only in terms of analogy, e.g. the Trinity’ (which is compatible with the first but not so bravely put).
If this incoherence hasn’t already struck you, you might gain illuminating confusion from the diagram on Wikipedia’s page ‘Trinity’ (the sixth image).
(The Cath Encl also says that such incoherence is ‘not against reason but above reason’. Nice one!)
What does the NT say about the Trinity?
Nothing.
Worse, Jesus makes a number of statements which can’t be reconciled with his being a member of the Trinity, and none that support it. (That makes sense, since he’s a 1st cent. Jerusalem Jew, whereas the doctrine is devised by 4th and 5th cent Christian politicians (‘bishops’), whose purposes are altogether different.)
So what does Jesus say that can’t be reconciled to the Trinity doctrine (which, as we saw, can’t be reconciled to reason anyway)? Here’s a selection, each of which is phrased as a denial by Jesus himself that he is god, whether on earth or (Matt. 24:36, John 5:30, 6:38, 8:42. 14:10 &c) in heaven –
Heading one off at the pass
There’s one argument I may as well have before it starts. In John 10:30 Jesus says “I and the Father are one.” Some say that notwithstanding the unambiguous words above to the contrary, this means Jesus claims to be god. However this passage is explained in John 17:
In other words, says John's author, the oneness is of a kind available to all believers, not an equality with Yahweh.
So ...
The doctrine of the Trinity is incoherent. The church agrees that it's incoherent ('is a mystery').
Jesus (to his credit) gives it not the slightest support.
But despite all that, experience shows that those who’ve grown up with, find it hard to let go.
.
The Trinity began to take shape as a doctrine of the early church in the 3rd century CE, and appears in the Apostles’ Creed c. 390. (The word itself doesn’t appear in the NT, of course. Its earliest known use is by Theophilos of Antioch in 180, as Greek τριάς, but not with its present meaning.)
The doctrine states: ‘The One God exists as three persons and one substance’ (Oxford Dict. of the Christian Church) also phrased, ‘In the unity of the Godhead there are Three Persons, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, these Three Persons being truly distinct one from another’ (Catholic Encyclopedia).
This is incoherent, of course, and not just incoherent but acknowledged to be so. OxDCC calls it ‘a mystery in the strict sense’ ie the doctrine ‘can neither be known by unaided human reason apart from revelation, nor cogently demonstrated by reason after it has been revealed’. The Cath. Encl. calls it an ‘absolute mystery’: ‘An absolute mystery is a truth whose existence or possibility could not be discovered by a creature, and whose essence (inner substantial being) can be expressed by the finite mind only in terms of analogy, e.g. the Trinity’ (which is compatible with the first but not so bravely put).
If this incoherence hasn’t already struck you, you might gain illuminating confusion from the diagram on Wikipedia’s page ‘Trinity’ (the sixth image).
(The Cath Encl also says that such incoherence is ‘not against reason but above reason’. Nice one!)
What does the NT say about the Trinity?
Nothing.
Worse, Jesus makes a number of statements which can’t be reconciled with his being a member of the Trinity, and none that support it. (That makes sense, since he’s a 1st cent. Jerusalem Jew, whereas the doctrine is devised by 4th and 5th cent Christian politicians (‘bishops’), whose purposes are altogether different.)
So what does Jesus say that can’t be reconciled to the Trinity doctrine (which, as we saw, can’t be reconciled to reason anyway)? Here’s a selection, each of which is phrased as a denial by Jesus himself that he is god, whether on earth or (Matt. 24:36, John 5:30, 6:38, 8:42. 14:10 &c) in heaven –
Mark 12:
29 Jesus answered, "The first is, 'Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one;" ... 32 And the scribe said to him, "You are right, Teacher; you have truly said that he is one, and there is no other but he;
Matthew 20:
23 "to sit at my right hand and at my left is not mine to grant, but it is for those for whom it has been prepared by my Father."
Matthew 24:
36 "But of that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the Father only."
29 Jesus answered, "The first is, 'Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one;" ... 32 And the scribe said to him, "You are right, Teacher; you have truly said that he is one, and there is no other but he;
Matthew 20:
23 "to sit at my right hand and at my left is not mine to grant, but it is for those for whom it has been prepared by my Father."
Matthew 24:
36 "But of that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the Father only."
Luke 18:
19 "Why do you call me good? No one is good but God alone."
John 5:
19 "the Son can do nothing of his own accord, but only what he sees the Father doing"
John 5:
30 "I can do nothing on my own authority; [...] I seek not my own will but the will of him who sent me."
19 "Why do you call me good? No one is good but God alone."
John 5:
19 "the Son can do nothing of his own accord, but only what he sees the Father doing"
John 5:
30 "I can do nothing on my own authority; [...] I seek not my own will but the will of him who sent me."
John 6:
38 "For I have come down from heaven, not to do my own will, but the will of him who sent me"
John 8:
42 "I proceeded and came forth from God; I came not of my own accord, but he sent me."
John 10:
29 "My Father [...] is greater than all".
John 14:
10 "The words that I say to you I do not speak on my own authority; but the Father who dwells in me does his works."
John 17:
3 "And this is eternal life, that they know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom thou hast sent."
John 20:
17 "I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God."
38 "For I have come down from heaven, not to do my own will, but the will of him who sent me"
John 8:
42 "I proceeded and came forth from God; I came not of my own accord, but he sent me."
John 10:
29 "My Father [...] is greater than all".
John 14:
10 "The words that I say to you I do not speak on my own authority; but the Father who dwells in me does his works."
John 17:
3 "And this is eternal life, that they know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom thou hast sent."
John 20:
17 "I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God."
Heading one off at the pass
There’s one argument I may as well have before it starts. In John 10:30 Jesus says “I and the Father are one.” Some say that notwithstanding the unambiguous words above to the contrary, this means Jesus claims to be god. However this passage is explained in John 17:
20 "I do not pray for these only, but also for those who believe in me through their word, 21 that they may all be one; even as thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also may be in us, so that the world may believe that thou hast sent me. 22 The glory which thou hast given me I have given to them, that they may be one even as we are one, 23 I in them and thou in me, that they may become perfectly one, so that the world may know that thou hast sent me and hast loved them even as thou hast loved me.
In other words, says John's author, the oneness is of a kind available to all believers, not an equality with Yahweh.
So ...
The doctrine of the Trinity is incoherent. The church agrees that it's incoherent ('is a mystery').
Jesus (to his credit) gives it not the slightest support.
But despite all that, experience shows that those who’ve grown up with, find it hard to let go.
.
Last edited: