Why are the popular articles on QM so poor? Mostly because to understand QM takes an understanding of some pretty advanced math. Also, most people still think in terms of classical notions of particles being little ball-like things that bounce off each other. Attempting to understand QM using classical notions is impossible. And that is why so many article focus on paradoxes and 'weirdness'. In actuality, it is attempting to understand QM with ideas that are just not compatible with it.
For example, in classical physics, a particle goes over some one path. In QM, that particle isn't limited to one path at a time: it really is in more than one place at a time. That is what allows things like 'quantum bomb detectors', etc. (look it up).
Well, originally because that's how the mathematical model worked out: Later, specific experiments showed that determinism is inconsistent with reality. That lack of determinism is what we call chance.
That makes no sense. To say something is probable means uncertainty. Uncertainty dont mean chance exists, it means ignorence exists.
And you are showing your assumptions here. In QM, the uncertainty is inherent in the physics: you *cannot* know which of several alternatives will actually take place because it isn't determined ahead of time. What *can* be predicted is probabilities for the different alternatives. We can also compute correlations between different events. That is quite enough to do science and it agrees with observations in all tests that have been done (including ones specifically to test determinism).
Causality, as classically understood, is simply false. It is simply not the case that cause A always and reliably leads to effect B. It may well lead to effects B, C, and D with computable probabilities.