Theory of evolution is very ancient science known during the 9th century, they knew that life was
evolved but was created and not by luck.
The theory actually was named the the
Mohammedan theory,
The 14th century influential historiographer and historian
Ibn Khaldun wrote the
Muqaddimah or Prolegomena ("Introduction") on what he referred to as the "
gradual process of creation." He stated that the Earth began with abiotic components such as "minerals." Slowly, primitive stages of plants such as "herbs and seedless plants" developed and eventually "palms and vines." Khaldun connects the later stages of plant development to the first stages of animal development. Finally, he claims that the greater thought capabilities of human beings was "reached from the world of the monkeys."
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In his 1874 book titled
History of the Conflict between Religion and Science,
John William Draper, a scientist and contemporary of Charles Darwin, criticized the Catholic Church for its disapproval of "the
Mohammedan theory of the evolution of man from lower forms, or his gradual development to his present condition in the long lapse of time."
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Islamic views on evolution - Wikipedia
The Englishman John William Draper famously referred to “The Mohammedan Theory of Evolution” in his
1874 book History of the Conflict Between Religion and Science, probably in reference to the Arabic scholar
Ibn Khaldun, who wrote in his 14th century
The Muqaddimah,
creation ... started out from the minerals and progressed, in an ingenious, gradual manner, to plants and animals. The last stage of minerals is connected with the first stage of plants, such as herbs and seedless plants. The last stage of plants, such as palms and vines, is connected with the first stage of animals, such as snails and shellfish ... the last stage of each group is fully prepared to become the first stage of the next group.
The theory of biological evolution in its complete form was presented by a great early zoologist, al-Jahiz in the ninth century.
Did Arabic Scholars Discover Evolution in the Ninth Century? | HuffPost