So if feeding the hungry or burning down an orphanage both generate the exact same kind of neutral karma, then why would accumulating it even be a relevant concern? I thought karma was supposed to be a sort of reward vs. punishment consequence to be mindful of when making choices. Or perhaps I'm misunderstanding you, and the resulting karma from various actions does vary and you mean that our perception and labels of "good" and "bad" are just personal opinion. If so, then what determines what sort of actions generate what sort of karma?
The resulting karma from various actions does vary. Whether or not the resulting karma is "good" or "bad" is due to our own judgment of good and bad.
But karma is NOT a reward and punishment system. There is no cosmic judge who is deciding that your action is "good" and therefore you get "rewarded" or your action is "bad" and therefore you get "punished." There is nothing "supernatural" about karma. It is merely the consequences of one's actions.
Try this example. If you walk east, then the result is that you will end up more east than you were before. If you walk west, then the result is that you will end up more west than you were before. There are consequences to your actions, but there is no inherent value of "good" or "bad", right?
Now let's say that the place that's more east turns out to be really unpleasant, whereas the place that's more west turns out to be delightful. You would likely make the judgment that the place that is more east is "bad" and the place that is more west is "good." Having made that judgment, you might even think that you've been "punished" for going east, or rewarded for going west. When in reality, there was no punishment and no reward; it was just the consequences of one's actions.
So yes, it does matter what you do. If you do something that harms others there will be one set of consequences, and if you do something that helps others there will be a different set of consequences. And in all likelihood, you would prefer the latter consequences. But that doesn't mean that there was a punishment or reward. Nor does there need to be any judgment of good and bad.
Having said all that, I routinely judge good and bad. (As I told ZZ, I'm not a good Buddhist.
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How did we get on this topic?