Jesus used the figure of Abraham many times to confront the Jews. This is a good example:
Luke 13:24 “Exert yourselves vigorously to get in through the narrow door, because many, I tell you, will seek to get in but will not be able. 25 When the householder gets up and locks the door, you will stand outside knocking at the door, saying, ‘Lord, open to us.’ But in answer he will say to you: ‘I do not know where you are from.’ 26 Then you will start saying, ‘We ate and drank in your presence, and you taught in our main streets.’ 27 But he will say to you, ‘I do not know where you are from. Get away from me, all you workers of unrighteousness!’ 28 There is where your weeping and the gnashing of your teeth will be, when you see Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and all the prophets in the Kingdom of God, but you yourselves thrown outside. 29 Furthermore, people will come from east and west and from north and south, and will recline at the table in the Kingdom of God. 30 And look! there are those last who will be first, and there are those first who will be last.”
Jesus is telling the Jews that their hopes based on kinship with Abraham will not cause God to show partiality to them. The same idea appears in the parable of the good Samaritan, and in many others. These parables have a special meaning for the Jews, because of their delusion of being especially favored in front of God, despite their evil deeds.
The figure of Abraham and also that of Moses, even if they are also important for Christians, are less significant for non-Jewish.