My question would be, just exactly what do the Christian Quakers believe if they don't believe Jesus was risen from the dead in as much as Jesus said he was going to be risen from the dead. Do they pick and choose what they want to believe?
I wouldn't say that Christian Quakers "pick and choose" what they believe. There are all kinds of Quakers. There are the more conservative kind who hold more traditional beliefs and are homogeneously Christian, often treating scripture with the same regard as most inerrantists. Then there are the more liberal strain who do not even require that members profess Christianity.
Muslims and atheists are welcome to worship and participate as full members in "liberal" Quakerism (though in my experience, about half or more are Christians anyway-- that's why I was sure to specify "Christian" Quakers in my previous post). "Liberal" Quakers often practice "unprogrammed" meetings, wherein the worshipers gather (usually in someone's home) and spend an hour in silence. They call it "waiting." It isn't necessarily meditation. I have been to these meetings and was never once encouraged to meditate. You just show up, say your hellos, and then boom... an hour of silence.
There is no sectarian divide between liberal and conservative Quakers AFAIK. They all belong to the "Religious Society of Friends." And as far as I can tell, there exists a harmony between the two. They are both "non-doctrinal" meaning that, to be a Quaker is not a commitment to a list of beliefs but rather a different kind of religious commitment. If there is any peculiar belief that underlies all Quakerism, it might be "the inner light" or the belief that deep within you is a part that can fully engage with God so there is really no ultimate need for institutions or doctrines for worship. (I suppose atheistic Quakers have a version of that without God, but this was how it was explained to me. I was also told I didn't need to accept the concept of the "inner light" to become a Quaker. And btw, I'm not a Quaker or anything. I just hung out with them for a few weeks and did some reading about them afterward.)
It may sound like an "anything goes" scenario to be non-doctrinal, but I found the opposite to be true. I found a kind of full-throated endorsement of the Sermon on the Mount going on amongst them. Whereas most Christians have a long list of exceptions when speaking of the Sermon, the Quakers seem to have the attitude that's it's a straightforward requirement of what's required of them in their service to God, and in no way impossible to achieve. I understand folks not wanting to take the Sermon literally. It seems a bit much. But the "why not?" attitude of (some) Quakers to that end left an impression on me.
Some Quakers drink no alcohol whatsoever. Others are pacifists. In my limited experience, I found each one to be a kind, gentle, and carefully spoken person. I mean, it's what you'd expect from people who are willing to sit for an hour in silence as their method of worship. They seem to be highly principled, and more
married to their principles as duties to be performed rather than commandments to be repeated. As I said before, quite the opposite from "anything goes." They don't have a list of doctrines that they all agree that everyone should adhere to, but at the same time, they seem to have more of a doctrine (substance-wise) than most fundamentalists I've met.
Your mileage may vary. I'm working with a small sample size. I'm not saying there aren't flaky Quakers out there. There probably are. But it seems from online and in books I've read, that there is this kind of "integrity" running through a lot of Quakers. As you might be able to tell, I was fairly impressed by them. I've hung out with evangelicals, Catholics, Pentecostals, you name it. In my opinion, they aren't any more or less "Christian" than the Quakers. Despite what their doctrines may say.
That's why I was compelled to bring in "Christian Quakers" after reading your original post. Because your statement on the definition of a Christian: "A Christian is simply one who has trusted and given his heart to Jesus Christ (thus Christian) - as the Messiah, Savior and Lord. A follower of Christ." -- I like that definition. I think the Christian Quakers I've met certainly fit the bill here. I don't know what goes on in their minds or anything, but I get the impression that they strive to be servants --or followers-- of Christ. And in a very careful and humble way. That would seem to qualify them as Christians as per your definition.
Later, you made an attempt to state the unifying beliefs that all Christians share: "probably that Jesus died for our sins, was raised from the dead and is seated at the right hand of the Father." You were careful with your words. You didn't "proclaim" that as the central belief of all Christians or anything. But, in my view, it seems like this is imprecise. Those needn't be beliefs that all Christians share at all. Maybe it's possible for one to be a Christian, and yet not hold any of those beliefs. I'm not saying this is correct. But the matter deserves discussion doesn't it?
I'm a fan of your definition of a Christian, but take issue with the unifying beliefs.