How about explosions, electric shock, heat of the sun, etc...
None of those are energy, per se. Explosions are matter moving. Electric shock is electrons moving. Heat is photons (or matter) moving.
So energy isn't 'tangible' without matter. It is measured through the effects on matter. The same is true for time: it is measured through the way that matter behaves.
I am afraid I do not understand how you can be so ignorant of simple physics, your head must be so involved with the abstract that you do not understand that what is real is forever on the other side of symbolic representation, be it mathematical or verbal.
An electric shock in the here and now is a tangible proof for the energy produced by electrons flowing!
There is no such tangible proof in the here and now for time!
Actually, Ben, polymath is right about the physics.
Energy is not tangible without matters, whether that matters be physical objects (eg elements, molecules or compounds of atoms) or smaller matters such as particles (eg electrons, protons, photons).
In physics, energy is defined as object (matter or particle) "doing work"; energy is a "property" of matter, it cannot exist without matter. Energy can only be calculated due to the present of matter.
The thing about energy is that it is property of object that is transferable, due to interactions of objects.
Do you understand what I mean by "property" of object, matter or particle?
Energy is a property of object, because it has the potential to do work. Another property of object that you should know and understand is mass.
The only reason you can calculate energy is to the mass of the object (be they matters or particles).
To use one of your example - electric shock.
The problem here, you are the one who misunderstanding the physics of energy, Ben, not polymath.
Electric shock is the result of not energy, but of electric current being passed through the body. You can only calculate energy, only if you can measure the current or voltage.
To understand electric current, you need to understand about atoms and its particles, electrons. Each electron has a negative charge, and each proton has a positive charge. Electric charge, like magnetic field, is demonstrable that opposites attract, but like charges would repulse each other.
When atom loses one or more electrons, the atom becomes ionised, or it become positive charged. The ionised atom then will become primed to receive free electrons from another atom.
When object like a wire is live with electricity, that due to the flow (or "movement", the word used by polymath) of electrons, and that flow caused electric current to flow, in the opposite direction of flow of electrons.
What you call "electric shock" is tangible result of (electric) "current" flow, not electric "energy".
The electric energy in electricity is mainly calculated as property of current.
I think your problem (in the example of electric shock) is that you are confusing "energy" with "current". It is the current and flow of electrons that are tangible, not the energy itself.
Energy is closely related to the mass of the object. (I am no longer referring to just energy relating to electricity, here, but energy of any kind.) Every object have mass, and when the matters have mass, they have potential to do work, hence the objects have potential energy.
Ask yourself this, Ben. Why is it that whenever you do calculations of energy, that it most often required knowing the presence of mass of object?
If you understand this question, then perhaps you will understand what is tangible, and what isn't.
Here, let me give you a clue. You go to the shop, you look at the package of food, where it break down the food into various components, like sugar, sodium, protein, fat, etc. Why is for each of these components that it contained the measurements of "mass" (measured in milligrams) and calculations of "energy" (in joules)???
Once you have answer to that question here, then you would see the connection between mass and energy, both properties of object or matter.
Sorry, Ben, if anyone is confused about energy, it is you.
And now I see you are doing the same thing with Christine over the argument on the matter of entropy and time. Your understanding of physics is very limited.