With both, stealing material item or generation honored tradition in the same culture go hand in hand. It doesnt make sense to many, but not all things "stolen" or appropriated has to be material. Thats why one should ideally have some familar connection with that said culture so they know when and whats respectful and whats not.
For example, ASL isnt material, but as a hearing person, if I use it for my own benefit, its taking something not owned and, thereby, insulting the people raised to use the language to which helps them communicate. Can you imagine someone taking away your soul means of communicating? Chopping off arms of a painter, ears of a musician, eyes of an scketch artist, and so forth. You can take our paints literally but personally, it does more damage than taking an item. Goes deeper than that.
I choose not to use ASL for personal use even though I have a hearing/brain challenge that keeps me from understanding spoken language even though I can hear. Its a balance.
I cant remember the connection. Though, Pagans didnt have a choice when their customs where appropriate by christians as to save their lives by going along with appr* Pagan culture.
I have a choice to use ASL for my advantage. I have a choice to go to a Catholic Church and take the holy water as drinking water...or use the mats Muslims pray on for home decoration.
Thats the difference