Fifth, chimps have 48 chromosomes and mankind only 46. That is an inexplicable difference batten the 2 and proves it is common Creator not descent.
That would appear to be true. That is unless we did not know that the number of chromosomes can change. Now what could explain that? Perhaps we started with 46 and the other great apes had one of their chromosomes split. But that seems rather unlikely since they would have had to have each had their own splits, Orangutans, Gorillas, and the combination of Chimps and Bonobos three different times, and they would have had to have been almost identical splits. That is highly unlikely. No. It would be much more reasonable for a pair of chromosomes to join.
So what would we see if we had one chromosome had joined? Would there be any evidence of that? Well yes, that was a very good question. There probably would be evidence of such a join. Somewhere within a section of DNA there is an area called the
centromere. It is an area of constriction that is very important in reproduction:
"The centromere appears as a constricted region of a chromosome and plays a key role in helping the cell divide up its DNA during division (mitosis and meiosis). Specifically, it is the region where the cell’s spindle fibers attach. Following attachment of the spindle fibers to the centromere, the two identical sister chromatids that make up the replicated chromosome are pulled to opposite sides of the dividing cell, such that the two resulting daughter cells end up with identical DNA."
A centromere is a constricted region of a chromosome that separates it into a short arm (p) and a long arm (q).
www.genome.gov
Also at the ends of the chromosome we would see
telomeres. They too are important in reproduction:
"In almost all animals, from the simplest to the most complex, telomeres are required for cell division. With each cell replication, the telomeres get shorter and shorter until they're so short that your cells can no longer divide. When cells no longer divide, tissues age. However, telomeres can be rebuilt by an enzyme called telomerase to restore cell division."
What are telomeres and what are their purpose in our bodies? In this Minute to Understanding, we give you all the basic information about telomeres in around a minute!
www.jax.org
So what should we see in the human genome if two chromosomes joined. We would see the remains of a centromere, in other words a structure that looked like a centromere, but was no longer used, and telomeres in the middle of the chromosome.
I wonder if any of our chromosomes have those structures:
Human chromosome 2 was formed by the head-to-head fusion of two ancestral chromosomes that remained separate in other primates. Sequences that once resided near the ends of the ancestral chromosomes are now interstitially located in 2q13–2q14.1. ...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
"Human chromosome 2 was formed by the head-to-head fusion of two ancestral chromosomes that remained separate in other primates. Sequences that once resided near the ends of the ancestral chromosomes are now interstitially located in 2q13–2q14.1. Portions of these sequences had duplicated to other locations prior to the fusion. Here we present analyses of the genomic structure and evolutionary history of >600 kb surrounding the fusion site and closely related sequences on other human chromosomes. Sequence blocks that closely flank the inverted arrays of degenerate telomere repeats marking the fusion site are duplicated at many, primarily subtelomeric, locations. In addition, large portions of a 168-kb centromere-proximal block are duplicated at 9pter, 9p11.2, and 9q13, with 98%–99% average sequence identity. A 67-kb block on the distal side of the fusion site is highly homologous to sequences at 22qter. A third ∼100-kb segment is 96% identical to a region in 2q11.2. By integrating data on the extent and similarity of these paralogous blocks, including the presence of phylogenetically informative repetitive elements, with observations of their chromosomal distribution in nonhuman primates, we infer the order of the duplications that led to their current arrangement. Several of these duplicated blocks may be associated with breakpoints of inversions that occurred during primate evolution and of recurrent chromosome rearrangements in humans."
Whoa! That is long. And that is just the abstract. Here is the
TLDR for you:
They found the telomeres (two sets of course one from each chromosome and the no longer functioning centromere in Human Chromosome Number 2.
