The three essentials for establishing the credentials of a true prophet, as given through Moses, were: The true prophet would speak in Jehovah’s name; the things foretold would come to pass (Deuteronomy 18:20-22); and his prophesying must promote true worship, being in harmony with God’s revealed word and commandments. (Deuteronomy 13:1-4)
On those grounds the Jews reject Christ. We need to take into account a new Covenant that could deviate froma more rigid interpretation of Mosaic law.
The last requirement was probably the most vital and decisive, for an individual might hypocritically use God’s name, and by coincidence, his prediction might see fulfillment. But the true prophet was not solely or even primarily a prognosticator, as has been shown. Rather, he was an advocate of righteousness, and his message dealt primarily with moral standards and their application. He expressed God’s mind on matters. (Isa 1:10-20; Mic 6:1-12)
So did any prophet except Israel's, speak in the name of YHWH?
Abrahamic religions tend to avoid the use of God's name which includes Jews, Muslims and Christians......and so do any others who see that they have a horse in this race. God would only allow his own to bear his name.
Your fundamental problem is being locked into a Judeo-Christian worldview mindset that is similar to the mindset the Jews have that prevents them from recognising Christ.
Did the things foretold come true in the setting that God foretold?
Israel's prophets were accurate within the context in which they were given. God never once endorsed false worship, but warned his people in the strongest possible terms that they were NOT to associate with those who worshipped other gods or who believed contrary to his written word.
Another basic problem is to equate Islam with pagan worship. Muhammad moved His people away from paganism to strict monotheism. Both Moses and Muhammad emphased strongly the importance of avoiding paganism.
Did the things prophesied promote true worship?
Muslims pray to Allah five times a day. I'd say its more than the average Christian prays.
Jesus was the "Logos" or God's spokesman.....but the "word of God" was also scripture (John 17:15-17).....which was the written record of God's dealing with just one nation.....Israel. There is no place for Ishmael or Mohammad or Islam to feature in the Biblical scenario, or for any other prophet to be sent after Jesus (Hebrews 1:1-4)......except as the false worship that God warned his people not to follow. God has not sent a whole lot of different prophets into the world with all different messages.....that would not consistent with him being a "God of order". It would just be very confusing. There is one truth....just one......and its up to us to find it.
Jesus said that "few" are on the right track, so you can't go by numbers. (Matthew 7:13-14)
Muhammad like Christ brought a New Covenant that eclipsed the old. The signs that heralded the coming of Christ also accompanied the advent of Islam.
The voice of one crying in the wilderness: "Prepare the way of the Lord; Make straight in the desert a highway for our God.
Isaiah 40:3-5
Although this verse refers to John the Baptist it is also applicable to Muhammad. In the Quran 1:6-7 it is said:
"Guide us to the straight path: the path of those You have blessed; not of those who have incurred Your wrath, nor of those who have gone astray."
Further Muslims refer to...
"God will come from the south, and the holy one from mount Pharan: His glory covered the heavens, and the earth is full of his praise." Habakkuk 3:3
Since there is no connection between Jesus and Mount Paran "the Mount of Ishmael", Muslims argue that the "holy one" in this verse is Muhammad.They often interpret the Coming of God from the south of Palestine as a reference to the cradle of Islam in the West Coast of Arabia.
There are no prophets of God who spoke in the name of a foreign deity. All of the prophets from the time of Moses were Jewish.....not Islamic. The promises were made to Abraham and his seed....Isaac, Jacob and the tribes of Israel that descended from them. Jesus was Jewish....Islam has no place in God's arrangement. There were to be no other prophets after Jesus (Hebrews 1:1-4).....there was no need because "knowledge" of the complete word of God would become available to all in "the time of the end". Only then would all the prophesies in the whole Bible, make sense to a people 'cleansed, whitened and refined' at that time, prepared for the return of the Master. (Daniel 12:4; 9-10; Matthew 24:42-44)
There is no foreign deity. There is One G-d who rules over the earth supreme. The Quran mentions 50 biblical characters. The story of the Quran is simply a continuation the story in the Bible with the same G-d.
Biblical and Quranic narratives - Wikipedia
The G-d of the Quran is the same G-d in the Bible.
God in Islam - Wikipedia
While Christ emphasised looking out for false prophets, so too must we recognise the genuine prophets of G-d. False prophets were of particular concern during the period of intense Messianic expectation around Christ's advent. There were a few contenders including Simon bar Kokhba who was probably the quintessential false prophet for the Jews.
Simon bar Kokhba - Wikipedia
List of Jewish messiah claimants - Wikipedia
The other reason to emphasise false prophets was simply Jesus had already come and none other was required. It was for that reason Jesus comforted His disciples in the week leading to His crucifixion reminding them He was the promised One (John 14:6).
He also promised a comforter who would speak to them of all things.
John 14:16-17:
"And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Helper, to be with you forever, even the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees him nor knows him. You know him, for he dwells with you and will be in you."
John, 15:26:
"When the Advocate (Paraclete) is come whom I will send to you from the Father's presence--the Spirit of Truth who comes forth from the Father's presence--He will be a witness concerning me."
John, 16:7:
"Nevertheless, I tell you the truth; it is expedient for you that I go away: for if I go not away, the Comforter will not come unto you; but if I depart, I will send him unto you."
John, 16:12-14:
"I have yet many things to say unto you, but ye cannot bear them now. Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth is come, he will guide you unto all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will shew you things to come. He shall glorify me."
Many Muslim writers have argued that “another Paraclete” (John 14:16), the first being Jesus refers to Muhammad. The word "Paraclete" could be applied also to Jesus himself as in 1 John 2:1.
This claim is based on the Quran 61:6
And remember, Jesus, the son of Mary, said: "O Children of Israel! I am the messenger of Allah (sent) to you, confirming the Law (which came) before me, and giving Glad Tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad." But when he came to them with Clear Signs, they said, "this is evident sorcery!"