Exodus Archeology Evidence

[gnostic]

First, you give the impression of one who pretends to know more than they know. Just stop it. We all have Wikipedia access.

Back between 2005 & 2009, I was doing research in the hope of creating 2 new websites:

One did became active - Dark Mirrors of Heaven, which mainly focused on non-canonical sources & extra-biblical sources to:

• Gnostic texts (Nag Hammadi codices),
• the Pseudepigraha (Boook of Enoch, Book of Jubilees)
• the Aggadah

The other was supposed to be Egyptian myths, Sumerian-Akkadian myths and Ugaritic myths; this would have been similar to my main website, Timeless Myths (from 1999). Prior to 2009, what books I didn't own, I had spend a lot of time at the State Library, the largest library in Melbourne. However, this proposed website was delayed then cancel, due to my parents being elderly and ill-health, and I became their primary carer. But I still have a lot of my research notes.

The things are the books I bought included some historical backgrounds of where those sources originated. The "Introduction" in those books provide a lot of insight to each kingdoms' cultures.

That gone me researching this history of where those sources come from.

Did some of my information come from Wikipedia? Yes.

But other information came from other sources and resources, outside of wikipedia.

I have always being interested in history.

 

[Audie]

Back between 2005 & 2009, I was doing research in the hope of creating 2 new websites:

One did became active - Dark Mirrors of Heaven, which mainly focused on non-canonical sources & extra-biblical sources to:

• Gnostic texts (Nag Hammadi codices),
• the Pseudepigraha (Boook of Enoch, Book of Jubilees)
• the Aggadah

The other was supposed to be Egyptian myths, Sumerian-Akkadian myths and Ugaritic myths; this would have been similar to my main website, Timeless Myths (from 1999). Prior to 2009, what books I didn't own, I had spend a lot of time at the State Library, the largest library in Melbourne. However, this proposed website was delayed then cancel, due to my parents being elderly and ill-health, and I became their primary carer. But I still have a lot of my research notes.

The things are the books I bought included some historical backgrounds of where those sources originated. The "Introduction" in those books provide a lot of insight to each kingdoms' cultures.

That gone me researching this history of where those sources come from.

Did some of my information come from Wikipedia? Yes.

But other information came from other sources and resources, outside of wikipedia.

I have always being interested in history.

Of course none of that is archaeology.

 

[Audie]

Back between 2005 & 2009, I was doing research in the hope of creating 2 new websites:

One did became active - Dark Mirrors of Heaven, which mainly focused on non-canonical sources & extra-biblical sources to:

• Gnostic texts (Nag Hammadi codices),
• the Pseudepigraha (Boook of Enoch, Book of Jubilees)
• the Aggadah

The other was supposed to be Egyptian myths, Sumerian-Akkadian myths and Ugaritic myths; this would have been similar to my main website, Timeless Myths (from 1999). Prior to 2009, what books I didn't own, I had spend a lot of time at the State Library, the largest library in Melbourne. However, this proposed website was delayed then cancel, due to my parents being elderly and ill-health, and I became their primary carer. But I still have a lot of my research notes.

The things are the books I bought included some historical backgrounds of where those sources originated. The "Introduction" in those books provide a lot of insight to each kingdoms' cultures.

That gone me researching this history of where those sources come from.

Did some of my information come from Wikipedia? Yes.

But other information came from other sources and resources, outside of wikipedia.

I have always being interested in history.

So, did you find out if a couple million people
had the sea parted for them, then they played gold calf
and wandered about eating manna forc40 yrs?

Coz thats the story. Which reads like baloney same as "flood".

Paul Bunyan and the Great Blue Ox
doesn't become true coz the archives sho
there were axes and cows.

 

[gnostic]

Of course none of that is archaeology.

Of course, the narratives and myths (stories) are not history, nor are they archaeology.

So, did you find out if a couple million people
had the sea parted for them, then they played gold calf
and wandered about eating manna forc40 yrs?

Coz thats the story. Which reads like baloney same as "flood".

Paul Bunyan and the Great Blue Ox
doesn't become true coz the archives sho
there were axes and cows.

You’ve misunderstood.

The books that translated these scriptural texts or mythological texts, often include in their respective “Introduction“, and even at the back of the books, like “Notes”, ”Appendix“, etc, often include historical background about the authors or scribes, who inscribed the respective texts on parchments, papyri, wood, clay tablets, stone tablets, stone stelae, on the coffins, on the lintels or walls of home, palaces, temples or tombs, etc; these would be your archaeological evidence, including the sites where they were stored (eg archives). These materials they were written on, can be dated to times or periods.

For instances, In many Sumerian cities, like Nippur, Ur, Eridu, etc, and later Babylonian cities, there were scribe schools, when apprentices learned to write, often copying the epic of Gilgamesh or other famous stories. Although, most clay tablets are in fragments, they do provide insights to when they were written.

Mesopotamia have a long history that predated writing, and that interested me as much as their storytelling. The history and archaeology in that regions, are quite detailed, even more so than prehistoric and ancient Levant.

in another example, the Qumran caves have been used to store scrolls in sealed pottery vessels, mostly written in Hebrew, but some were in Aramaic & in Koine Greek. They provide insights to the culture of people, who lived between 250 BCE and 200 CE.

 

[Audie]

Of course, the narratives and myths (stories) are not history, nor are they archaeology.



You’ve misunderstood.

The books that translated these scriptural texts or mythological texts, often include in their respective “Introduction“, and even at the back of the books, like “Notes”, ”Appendix“, etc, often include historical background about the authors or scribes, who inscribed the respective texts on parchments, papyri, wood, clay tablets, stone tablets, stone stelae, on the coffins, on the lintels or walls of home, palaces, temples or tombs, etc; these would be your archaeological evidence, including the sites where they were stored (eg archives). These materials they were written on, can be dated to times or periods.

For instances, In many Sumerian cities, like Nippur, Ur, Eridu, etc, and later Babylonian cities, there were scribe schools, when apprentices learned to write, often copying the epic of Gilgamesh or other famous stories. Although, most clay tablets are in fragments, they do provide insights to when they were written.

Mesopotamia have a long history that predated writing, and that interested me as much as their storytelling. The history and archaeology in that regions, are quite detailed, even more so than prehistoric and ancient Levant.

in another example, the Qumran caves have been used to store scrolls in sealed pottery vessels, mostly written in Hebrew, but some were in Aramaic & in Koine Greek. They provide insights to the culture of people, who lived between 250 BCE and 200 CE.

Misunderstood what?

I don't need to be told about archaeology.

There is no more archaeological evidence for
flood or the 40 years eating manna story than there
Is for big blue ox.

The thread title is basically nonsensical.
"Collected poems of Batboy" would have as
much factual content.

 

[Bharat Jhunjhunwala]

What do you mean by the last part (what I had highlighted in larger font)?

Are you referring to history - where you have mentioned “historical sciences”? Is that what mean “the evidence is already fixed in the past”?

What I mean by historical sciences is that the texts of the religions have already been scripted and they are almost fixed, so it is almost impossible to bring in new interpretations to them. In keeping with the recent evolutions, for example, the writings of Freud, Maslow, Philip Goff throw a considerable light on the understanding of God. But the texts are fixed in history and they do not rise to interpret these developments of humanity. So, that is why I say that the evidence is fixed in the past.

 

[Bharat Jhunjhunwala]

Of course. Keep changing details and oretty soon the story of 'goldilocks and the three bears" becomes "Pride and Prejudice".

I am sorry you have to educate me about both Goldilocks and Pride and Prejudice.

 

[shunyadragon]

Absence of evidence only means that both possibilities exist.

There is not an absence of evidence for the historical, archeological, historic and geologic evidence that demonstrates the Creation myth of Genesis is false.

That is all. My interest in this entire study is because I am interested in reconciling the current biblical religion with other religions. So, I take it that whatever is written in the Bible is true unless proven otherwise.

You ar ignoring much ot the Pentateuch is mythology and recreated versions of history based on limited facts.

While I agree that you are equally justified in taking everything as untrue until proven true. But that does not help me because my objective is not fulfilled. I am strictly interested in understanding how to bring religions into reconciliation together.

Academic history does not consider everything in the Pentateuch as false, but does consider the abundant evidence that much of the Pentateuch is myth and other parts is not historically accurate.

I agree with you, genesis was composed in 600 BCE, but you cannot conclude from this that Adam, Noah and Abraham and Joseph would be a myth. All we can say is that there is what is written in the genesis, and we have to apply our minds, whether it is complete or not.

Actually composed edited and redacted at various times after 600 BCE. Yes we conclude based on the evidence that these accounts are are based on mythology (Adam and Noah), and created unconfirmed history such as Abraham and Joseph. Academic history does not conclude that many ancient figures in the Pentateuch did not exist, but it is well documented that it is created history that there is no evidence for.

For example, there is not evidence for the claims of the military conquests by Saul, David, and Joshua in the Levant, and the evidence contradicts their claims. For example, the Levant was occupied and colonized by Egyptians during the time the Bible claims Joshua invaded and conquered many Canaanite cities in the Levant.

There is also abundant documented evidence that the Hebrews were repeatedly defeated by the Egyptians, Moabites, Hittites, Assyrians, and no documented records of significant Hebrew victories before 800 BCE,

 

[Bharat Jhunjhunwala]

You ar ignoring much ot the Pentateuch is mythology and recreated versions of history based on limited facts.

I am not ignoring the evidence on Pentateuch. I agree that it is not complete evidence, but whatever evidence is given in the Pentateuch is consistent with the situation obtaining in the Indus Valley. This is what I am saying.

Academic history does not consider everything in the Pentateuch as false, but does consider the abundant evidence that much of the Pentateuch is myth and other parts is not historically accurate.

Please elaborate what part of the Pentateuch are not historically accurate. As far as I can understand, i do not find any inaccuracy in it.

For example, there is not evidence for the claims of the military conquests by Saul, David, and Joshua in the Levant, and the evidence contradicts their claims. For example, the Levant was occupied and colonized by Egyptians during the time the Bible claims Joshua invaded and conquered many Canaanite cities in the Levant.

I would like to make a distinction between pre-exodus and post exodus. Post-Exodus events, I have not studied and you may be right, but the pre-exodus events are confirmed in the Indus Valley and I would like to hear from you, any pre-exodus evidence does not match with the historical or archaeological evidences.

 

[shunyadragon]

I am not ignoring the evidence on Pentateuch. I agree that it is not complete evidence, but whatever evidence is given in the Pentateuch is consistent with the situation obtaining in the Indus Valley. This is what I am saying.

No it is not.

Please elaborate what part of the Pentateuch are not historically accurate. As far as I can understand, i do not find any inaccuracy in it.

The Creation account, Noah's arc flood, and exodus are based on mythology and Created history after 600 BCE, There is no evidence of the extreme military conquests of Saul and Joshua, nor is there any evidence Saul and Joshua ever existed. The problem of the existence of Joshua and his military conquests are relevant to problems of the Created history of Exodus. The Levant was occupied and colonized by Egypt at the time Joshua's invasion is described to have taken place.

I would like to make a distinction between pre-exodus and post exodus. Post-Exodus events, I have not studied and you may be right, but the pre-exodus events are confirmed in the Indus Valley and I would like to hear from you, any pre-exodus evidence does not match with the historical or archaeological evidences.

Exodus events are not confirmed in the Indus Valley. One created history and mythology does not confirm another,

 

[Bharat Jhunjhunwala]

No it is not.

Instead of saying it is not. Please give the reasons why it is not specifically on-
1. the river going dry, leading to the plagues,

2. mud volcano erupting and stopping the flow of the Indus River,

3. the Taftan volcano,

4. a place named Paran on the route and once we have these four evidences and you have to explain why they do not match with the Bible.

 

[shunyadragon]

Instead of saying it is not. Please give the reasons why it is not specifically on-
1. the river going dry, leading to the plagues,

2. mud volcano erupting and stopping the flow of the Indus River,

3. the Taftan volcano,

4. a place named Paran on the route and once we have these four evidences and you have to explain why they do not match with the Bible.

The above are independent phenomena just like events all over the world that lead to local floods and other natural events and have no documented relationship to Exodus, which in itself is not a historical accurate account as you appear to claim except though in an unfounded relationship with the Indus River,

Even though it is not remotely an accurate historical account it does contain geographical information that relates it specifically to the Sinai. The account of their travels follows known trade routes in the Sinai. Also the carvings in Egypt depict Hebrew and Canaanite slaves, There is direct evidence of plagues and events in the Egyptian records that were used to compile the Exodus. Some accounts document Canaanites that rebelled were expelled from Egypt There is some evidence that groups of Hebrew/Canaanite slaves did leave Egypt during the plagues known to have taken place in Egypt, There is no evidence of large numbers of Hebrews involved and a n army led by Joshua.

Part of the problem is that the Hebrews at the time were Canaanite tribes culturally and religiously identified as Canaanite.

The bottom line is that there is abundant evidence that ties the Exodus with Egypt, but do not confirm tht it is remotely a historical accurate account, The story of Joshua and his army conquering the Levant is pure fantasy with absolutely no independent supporting evidence.

 

[Bharat Jhunjhunwala]

The above are independent phenomena just like events all over the world that lead to local floods and other natural events and have no documented relationship to Exodus, which in itself is not a historical accurate account as you appear to claim except though in an unfounded relationship with the Indus River,

Even though it is not remotely an accurate historical account it does contain geographical information that relates it specifically to the Sinai. The account of their travels follows known trade routes in the Sinai. Also the carvings in Egypt depict Hebrew and Canaanite slaves, There is direct evidence of plagues and events in the Egyptian records that were used to compile the Exodus. Some accounts document Canaanites that rebelled were expelled from Egypt There is some evidence that groups of Hebrew/Canaanite slaves did leave Egypt during the plagues known to have taken place in Egypt, There is no evidence of large numbers of Hebrews involved and a n army led by Joshua.

Part of the problem is that the Hebrews at the time were Canaanite tribes culturally and religiously identified as Canaanite.

The bottom line is that there is abundant evidence that ties the Exodus with Egypt, but do not confirm tht it is remotely a historical accurate account, The story of Joshua and his army conquering the Levant is pure fantasy with absolutely no independent supporting evidence.

I am amazed at how much we go by names. I agree that Sinai is mentioned in the narrative of Exodus, but that does not mean that it is a particular Sinai. Which Sinai is indicated has to be looked at independently, and then we have to arrive at a conclusion.

I challenge you to show any evidence of the Exodus that is available in Egyptian literature, except circumstantial evidence such as images of people making bricks with mud. These are not evidence. What I am proposing is that in India, we have an entire corpus of literature which matches with the drying of the Hakra river and the Exodus, with it being said that Krishna left in an unknown direction from the Indus Valley. So, on a comparative basis, the Indus wins hands down compared to Egypt, which is based totally on circumstantial evidence.

 

[River Sea]

Scholars have identified this sign as an ‘ayin’, which is also the Hebrew word for ‘eye’.

@Bharat Jhunjhunwala

What was the word 'eye' in ancient sanskrit, back when Yadavas were in Indus Valley? And would any evidence of the word 'eye' show about exodus archeology evidence?

From the article that I only showed about 'ayin'. Well, I hope I did. You can read the rest of the article there too.

Archaeologists Find 'lost' Alphabet Created By Biblical Civilization 3,000 Years Ago - Ny Breaking News

Archaeologists have traced a lost alphabet to a 3,000-year-old civilization that lived in the Biblical 'Promised Land.' Experts found 15 tablets with strange carvings in Jordan.

nybreaking.com

Archaeologists Find ‘Lost’ Alphabet Created By Biblical Civilization 3,000 Years Ago
SCIENCE
By William ON JUL 15, 2024

But the tablets also showed some unique combinations of signs, including two where another sign resembled an eye.

Scholars have identified this sign as an ‘ayin’, which is also the Hebrew word for ‘eye’.

These similarities and patterns have helped scientists unravel the meaning of the symbols on the tablets and decipher their mysterious message.

Comparing the tablets with the grammar of late Hebrew, which preserves older Canaanite forms, revealed that the tablets appear to contain “short ritual utterances” and “poetic proverbs.”

Tablet 1440 is one of the first to be found in 1964. Scholars believe it refers to sacrifices and prophetic research

Tablet 3291 shows repetition of three signs (semicircle and dot, single dot and vertical line) in three separate words, indicating a consistent grammatical figure
This suggests that the tablets were used in cultic rituals that took place in the Deir ‘Alla temple.

 

[shunyadragon]

Scholars have identified this sign as an ‘ayin’, which is also the Hebrew word for ‘eye’.

@Bharat Jhunjhunwala

What was the word 'eye' in ancient sanskrit, back when Yadavas were in Indus Valley? And would any evidence of the word 'eye' show about exodus archeology evidence?

From the article that I only showed about 'ayin'. Well, I hope I did. You can read the rest of the article there too.

Archaeologists Find 'lost' Alphabet Created By Biblical Civilization 3,000 Years Ago - Ny Breaking News

Archaeologists have traced a lost alphabet to a 3,000-year-old civilization that lived in the Biblical 'Promised Land.' Experts found 15 tablets with strange carvings in Jordan.

nybreaking.com

Archaeologists Find ‘Lost’ Alphabet Created By Biblical Civilization 3,000 Years Ago
SCIENCE
By William ON JUL 15, 2024

But the tablets also showed some unique combinations of signs, including two where another sign resembled an eye.

Scholars have identified this sign as an ‘ayin’, which is also the Hebrew word for ‘eye’.

These similarities and patterns have helped scientists unravel the meaning of the symbols on the tablets and decipher their mysterious message.

Comparing the tablets with the grammar of late Hebrew, which preserves older Canaanite forms, revealed that the tablets appear to contain “short ritual utterances” and “poetic proverbs.”

Tablet 1440 is one of the first to be found in 1964. Scholars believe it refers to sacrifices and prophetic research

Tablet 3291 shows repetition of three signs (semicircle and dot, single dot and vertical line) in three separate words, indicating a consistent grammatical figure
This suggests that the tablets were used in cultic rituals that took place in the Deir ‘Alla temple.

Not really mysterious nor new discovery. No relationship to the Indus Valley. It is among the many discoveries of Canaanite clay tablets and even a Ugarit library, and when taken into the context of the Levant Canaanite history a close relationship with Phoenicians and the evolution of Phoenician writing and eventually Greek, Phoenicians considered themselves Canaanites. These tablets are some evidence for the evolution of the Hebrew writing if you consider all the variable Proto-Canaanite writing of the Levant even the known Moabite tablets.

 

[shunyadragon]

I am amazed at how much we go by names. I agree that Sinai is mentioned in the narrative of Exodus, but that does not mean that it is a particular Sinai. Which Sinai is indicated has to be looked at independently, and then we have to arrive at a conclusion.

Exodus contains a detailed map of the trade routes of the Sinai.

I challenge you to show any evidence of the Exodus that is available in Egyptian literature, except circumstantial evidence such as images of people making bricks with mud. These are not evidence. What I am proposing is that in India, we have an entire corpus of literature which matches with the drying of the Hakra river and the Exodus, with it being said that Krishna left in an unknown direction from the Indus Valley. So, on a comparative basis, the Indus wins hands down compared to Egypt, which is based totally on circumstantial evidence.

The carvings of Hebrew and Canaanite slaves are specific and not just making bricks, There is no such evidence of Hebrew/Canaanite slaves in the Indus Valley. There are numerous records of the relationship in ears, trade and linguistic relationship between the Canaanites, Phoenicians and Hebrews between the 17th to the 11th century.

Your conclusions are only based on circumstantial based on your bias interpretation of Myths and legends. No real connection between the Hebrews and Indus Valley. No carvings depicting Hebrew slaves, No records of Indus Valley armies conquering and capturing Hebrew/Canaanite slaves, No direct genetic relationship between the Semitic people of the Levant as there is between the Egyptians and the Levant.

Genertic relationship between Canaanite'Hebrws and Egypt - Google Search

www.google.com

A 2020 study published in Cell found that many modern Jewish and Arabic-speaking groups in the Southern Levant, the biblical land of Canaan, are descendants of ancient Canaanites. The study analyzed DNA from 20 individuals in Israel and Lebanon, and 73 more from skeletons at sites in Israel and Jordan. The researchers compared the ancient DNA to modern populations and found that most groups in the region have more than half of their DNA from Canaanites. The study also found that Canaanites were genetically homogeneous, a mix of people from the Caucasus/Zagros and the Levant, and that they maintained their genetic mix even after migrating and merging with local populations.


National Geographic

DNA from the Bible's Canaanites lives on in modern Arabs ...
May 28, 2020 — The researchers also compared the ancient DNA with that of modern populations ...

Biblical Archaeology Society

Jews and Arabs Descended from Canaanites - Biblical Archaeology Society


The Times of Israel

How the Canaanites, Biblical frenemies of the Israelites, kept genetic integrity | The Times of Israel
May 28, 2020

Tel Aviv University

Study finds ancient Canaanites genetically linked to modern ...
Jun 1, 2020 — Tale of bones The researchers analyzed genetic material from dozens of skeleton...


However, one medium article suggests that the "Canaanite" genetic signal is actually "ancient Levantine" and doesn't specifically indicate Canaanites. According to the article, Egyptians outscore Jordanians and Lebanese in terms of "Canaanite" genetics, but Egyptians also outscore Palestinians.

 

[Bharat Jhunjhunwala]

Exodus contains a detailed map of the trade routes of the Sinai.

I request you to please provide details on the trade routes of Sinai that you say are given in the Exodus. All it says is that they went to a place called Paran and it gives names of various places but where those places are located are not mentioned in the Exodus.

The carvings of Hebrew and Canaanite slaves are specific and not just making bricks, There is no such evidence of Hebrew/Canaanite slaves in the Indus Valley. There are numerous records of the relationship in ears, trade and linguistic relationship between the Canaanites, Phoenicians and Hebrews between the 17th to the 11th century.

I agree there are numerous records but not between 17th to 11th century rather from 15 to 11th century when the Hebrews entered Canaan from the Indus Valley. It is not correct to say that there is no evidence of Hebrew Canaanite slaves in the Indus Valley. First of all, there is no slavery mentioned in the Bible that is a hyperbole. The Bible only says that the Pharaoh increased their burdens and asked them to collect straw along while maintaining the same quota of making bricks. Now, this is very significant because the Indus Valley was made with baked bricks and that required a large amount of straw. The Egyptians used mud brick for workers quarters and it is hardly plausible that the Pharaoh and the Hebrews would get into conflict on the making of mud bricks for the workers quarters.

The difficulty is that we are looking for words like Hebrew and Canaanite in the Hindu text. Indeed, that is not available but what if the Hebrews were the Yadavas and the Canaanites were the Canaanites in Israel? In that case, we will find the evidence of the exodus in the Indus Valley with the name of the Yadavas not with Hebrew.

On the genetic evidence, I agree with you that large number of people have descended from ancient Canaanites but that proves nothing. If the Hebrews entered Canaan at 1500 BCE from the Indus Valley they would have intermarried and many would have gotten Canaanite genes. I have studied the archaeological evidence by. Kylosov and others. It seems that the R2/R-M124 gene is found in about 1% of Ashkenazi Jews and this particular gene is massively found in India and this gene is found in about 50% people of India. As we move west from India the percentage of R2 begins to decline. So, this seems to indicate a genetic link between the Jews and the Indus Valley through the R2 gene. If you are interested, I will post some papers on this topic.

Thank You

 

[shunyadragon]

I request you to please provide details on the trade routes of Sinai that you say are given in the Exodus. All it says is that they went to a place called Paran and it gives names of various places but where those places are located are not mentioned in the Exodus.

Reference including map based on the Exodus narrative.

Map of the Route of the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt - Bible History

Bible History Images and Resources for Biblical History. Resources, Free Bible Software, Bible Art, Biblical History Topics and Study, and ancient Bible maps of Rome, Greece, and ancient Near East.

bible-history.com

I agree there are numerous records but not between 17th to 11th century rather from 15 to 11th century when the Hebrews entered Canaan from the Indus Valley. It is not correct to say that there is no evidence of Hebrew Canaanite slaves in the Indus Valley. First of all, there is no slavery mentioned in the Bible that is a hyperbole. The Bible only says that the Pharaoh increased their burdens and asked them to collect straw along while maintaining the same quota of making bricks. Now, this is very significant because the Indus Valley was made with baked bricks and that required a large amount of straw. The Egyptians used mud brick for workers quarters and it is hardly plausible that the Pharaoh and the Hebrews would get into conflict on the making of mud bricks for the workers quarters.

The difficulty is that we are looking for words like Hebrew and Canaanite in the Hindu text. Indeed, that is not available but what if the Hebrews were the Yadavas and the Canaanites were the Canaanites in Israel? In that case, we will find the evidence of the exodus in the Indus Valley with the name of the Yadavas not with Hebrew.

On the genetic evidence, I agree with you that large number of people have descended from ancient Canaanites but that proves nothing. If the Hebrews entered Canaan at 1500 BCE from the Indus Valley they would have intermarried and many would have gotten Canaanite genes. I have studied the archaeological evidence by. Kylosov and others. It seems that the R2/R-M124 gene is found in about 1% of Ashkenazi Jews and this particular gene is massively found in India and this gene is found in about 50% people of India. As we move west from India the percentage of R2 begins to decline. So, this seems to indicate a genetic link between the Jews and the Indus Valley through the R2 gene. If you are interested, I will post some papers on this topic.

Thank You

No, the genetic evidence documents the Hebrew/Canaanite direct relationship in history including the Egyptians. There is absolutely NO such evidence for the relationship to the Indus Valley. Including the archeology documents the cultural and linguistic relationship going back to before 3,000 BCE.

 

[River Sea]

@Mrpp @Tamino @Bharat Jhunjhunwala
Youtube video showing Taftan Volcano

@Bharat Jhunjhunwala
Where Moses went to long ago Taftan Volcano

 

[Jayhawker Soule]

For instances, In many Sumerian cities, like Nippur, Ur, Eridu, etc, and later Babylonian cities, there were scribe schools, when apprentices learned to write, often copying the epic of Gilgamesh or other famous stories. Although, most clay tablets are in fragments, they do provide insights to when they were written.

As an aside, if you have not read Weavers, Scribes, and Kings, you should consider doing so. I think you might appreciate it. (Avraham Faust's Israel's Ethnogenesis is also quite interesting.)