Well, firstly, does it make sense? Is the content applicable to the various stages?
The verses/surahs are basically split into two .. maccan and madinan.
This relies on the accuracy of the Sirah and exegesis though. You end up with this circular reasoning where it must be correct because it matches the tradition. While the tradition is historical evidence, it is also theology. It all comes down to how much you trust the chain of transmission and the scholarship to verify its accuracy.
This is what I meant by saying believers and non-believers put different weight on evidence. For me, there are some clear historical inaccuracies in the exegesis and Sirah, which means I find it hard to trust them as accurate overall. Muslims tend to trust that the piety of the believers made sure that they were accurate in what they recorded and transmitted.
The are 2 different hermeneutical frameworks in operation, and given that neither side's view can be 'proved' it comes down to interpretation of evidence.
Something like Abraha's attack on the ka'baa in the year of the Elephant seems to be based on an event that happened 15 years before Muhammed was born (and likely didn't involve Mecca) in which Abraha was successful as there is a commemorative inscription.
But seeing as Abraha disappears from the record after that, it can't be 'proven' that something didn't happen later than that to match the Muslim tradition.
The non-Muslim can say that it seems probable that the tradition is wrong, but the Muslim can say that there is no evidence to prove that the Muslim tradition is wrong. It comes down to what weight you give to what evidence.