As idav pointed out, in this quote below...
idav said:
And We have built over you seven strong heavens;
Jewish scholars started the 7 heaven cosmology.
wiki said:
In the course of the 1st millennium CE Jewish scholars developed an elaborate system of Seven Heavens,
Heaven in Judaism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
...the author of the Qur'an didn't just borrow ideas from the Hebrew scriptures (Tanakh or the Old Testament) and the Christian scriptures (New Testament), the author had also borrowed from non-canonical the Apocrypha and the Pseudigrapha, from rabbinic literature (like the Midrash, or any writings of Jewish scholars that predated Muhammad and the Qur'an).
The seven-heaven cosmology doesn't appear in the Tanakh, but did 1st appear in the 1st century CE, and most scholars today think that the Secret Book of Enoch, also known as 2 Enoch, was originally written in this same century (in Greek).
According to the Islamic tradition (hadith) about Isra and Mi'raj (the Night Journey), Muhammad supposed visited not only a mosque in Jerusalem (which Qur'an 17:1 referred to as al-Masjid al-Aqsa or "the farthest mosque", which clearly didn't exist in Muhammad's time), but it is narrated that Muhammad had journeyed through 7 heavens to meet god. This whole visit to 7 heavens, is borrowing exactly the same idea of Enoch's own visit to meet god, in 2 Enoch.
The details may be different, but the concepts are the same; the Islamic stories plagiarized the idea from older sources. Of course, the Qur'an only allude to journey, nevertheless, we have Muslims copying or adapting older pre-Islamic sources.
In 1 Kings (1 to 11), we have Solomon being a king who gained wisdom, but in Rabbinic Midrash (that started in 2nd century CE) and other stories, Solomon could speak to or understand languages of animals, just like that in the Qur'an.
Below is another example of the author plagiarizing idea from the pre-Islamic non-scriptural. In Qur'an 5:32, a verse about if one murder one human, is like one has murder all of mankind:
Qur'an 5:32 said:
Because of that, We decreed upon the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or for corruption [done] in the land - it is as if he had slain mankind entirely. And whoever saves one - it is as if he had saved mankind entirely.
The Qur'an has plagiarized what the famous 1st century BCE Jewish scholar - Hillel the Elder (c. 110 BCE - 10 CE) wrote, and preserved in the Talmud:
Jerusalem Talmud Sanhedrin 4:1 said:
"As Hillel the Elder had stated, whosoever destroys a soul, it is considered as if he destroyed an entire world. And whosoever that saves a life, it is considered as if he saved an entire world."
Although, I have seen Muslims quoted this verse from the Qur'an in this threads, I doubt many (including Muhammad) knew the words actually originated centuries before Muhammad's time.