Subduction Zone
Veteran Member
Because even though we were different populations speciation, which is irreversible eventually had not fully occurred yet. Speciation is a gradual process. Like almost all biological processes. Two populations do not wake up some day and go "Oh!! We are different species now.OK, so the Neanderthals died out for some reason. And only the homo sapiens were left. But the homo sapiens have Neanderthal DNA within them, right? Because they inherited that from way back when.
What you first notice is limitations on breeding. One possibility is the breeding only going one way, in our case it was that our men did not breed with their women but their men could breed with ours. We still have some Neanderthal DNA because Neanderthal males would breed with human females. Who knows, our men may have been able to breed with their women, but some species will kill odd looking offspring. That could have happened too. We just know that we have not found any Neanderthal mtDNA yet. Mitochondrial DNA comes from only the mother's side. If you are interested this article goes into some of the reasons that sperm do not bring any mtDNA to the fertilized cell:
Mature sperm lack intact mitochondrial DNA, study finds
New research provides insight about the reason mitochondria — the powerhouse of the cell — pass only from the mother.
news.ohsu.edu
Not finding any Neanderthal mtDNA, which comes from the mother only, tells us that there were no Neanderthal mothers and human fathers whose children reproduced. They could have had children, but if they did those children were sterile.