I'm going to copy and paste part of an essay I wrote a while back (I'm far too tired to summarise this for you, sorry!). It addresses the issues without making conclusions. It was based off an article about the abortion date limit being 6 months.
" My Views on Abortion
Category: Life
Abortion Laws; Time Limit
In May of 2008, the British House of Commons voted against a change to the time limit allowed for abortion in the United Kingdom..... An article entitled
British MPs Reject Abortion Law Change, published by The Australian on May 21st explains that Britain has one of the latest cut off dates for pregnancy termination. Since the laws were introduced in 1967 the cut off date has been twenty four weeks. The vote for change was introduced by a Member of Parliament and nurse Nadine Dorries who attempted to reduce the date by at least four weeks.
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Why are people concerned about abortion? Does it matter when a termination is performed? There are three categories of perspective; these consist of conservative theories, liberal theories and intermediate theories. Conservative theory purports that a foetus has a right to life from the moment of conception; liberal theories claim that a child can only attain this right at birth and moderate theories assert that a baby has a right to life when it becomes a person.
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The fundamental questions asked when attempting to establish when a foetus is allowed moral status include whether the foetus is an individual organism, if it is biologically and psychologically human and if it is a person. According to Mary Warren (1973) there are five properties that characterise a human being. These are the existence of consciousness, reasoning, self-motivated activity, communication through language and presence of self-concept. A question that seems to arise is how can anybody know if a foetus is capable of some or all of these criteria and how important are they to moral consideration? In order to answer these questions, it is important to understand why killing any person is considered wrong.
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A method of establishing a person’s sentiments on death can be accomplished by asking what it is that people mourn for when they realise that they will die and also why it is that a majority of people consider it a greater tragedy when a child dies as opposed to when an adult dies. The answer is that people value future life experience. Therefore, the focus of any analyses concerning the killing of foetus, embryo or child should be on the life of value that the developing organism has potential for rather than it’s possible personhood. This is further reflected by the obscurity in ascertaining a fixed point of personhood in a foetus and the continuous disagreements on when a foetus is human enough to attain personal rights. However, laws and policies do not draw on this view and it is therefore necessary to address the general perspectives that influence them.
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Laws rely on scientific and theoretical claims on when a foetus is thought to be human. There are two central theories of death; the Brain-Dead theory and Paul Ramsey’s Theory of Death. The Brain-Dead theory claims that a person can only be dead (and thus not a person) when their brain stops functioning. Ramsey’s theory claims that as well as the brain, the heart and lungs must cease to function naturally.
It can thus be assumed that in order for a foetus to be considered human, these organs must be functioning in some manner. If this is the case then a foetus must be considered a person by at least the sixth week of development when not only are these organs operating, but the stomach is producing digestive acids, the liver is manufacturing blood cells, the kidneys are extracting uric acid from the blood and the nerves and muscles are operating.
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The laws which constitute when an abortion can occur rely upon theories of personhood but these theories are various and unreliable. The point in time when a foetus develops consciousness and individuality is unknown but according to the criteria provided by several theorists on personhood it is surely necessary to at least decrease the cut off date for abortion"