Although I haven't read those links but please notice that in the time of prophet muhammad pbuh maybe there wasn't any atheists or at least very very rare . Most were polytheists and some monotheists.
That sounds
extremely unlikely. Atheism is as natural a stance as they come.
To elaborate: I strongly suspect that emphatic theism is in many significant senses an innovation, an aberration even.
I vividly remember growing up in a mostly Catholic household and eventually realizing that all that talk about the Bible, Jesus and God was taken so seriously by some people and that it was somehow
very importante for some that it was believed in as in some sense "true".
That shocked me considerably, because it seemed to absurd. The scriptures were quite clearly meant to be taken as allegory, as fables even, no more worth of serious consideration than any other tale that illustrates a moral or value.
I just can't think of any reason why my situation would be all that rare, in the past, present or future. I do however know that there are currently many people who try hard to deny our very existence. I assume it wasn't that big a deal back in the day, when I suspect it was very common to take scriptures as allegories for social bonding. As it is still very common in certain places.
But I wanna say something else
Maybe atheists deny divine gods or any god but I know some of them believe in something that created this universe although they don't call it god.
Most of us don't even go through the trouble of denying anything. We just don't see a point to believing in a deity. It is not a natural tendency for us.
What you are describing might be pantheism or even deism. For practical purposes that may well be close to atheism, but it is not atheism.
For example they say he or it or she created this world but it wasn't like that from the beginning , evolution changed everything and stuff like this.
So I wanted to examine their deep sense of supreme power
Whose? I am just not sure who you are talking about with this "deep sense of supreme power".
In all honesty, you seem to insist on denying the reality and validity of atheism out of your convenience alone.