Augustus
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It's not about making the Jews arbitrators. Is Christianity not based on the Torah? Yes it is, and does the Torah allow for men to be made partners unto God in worship?
No never.
TL;DR Jews think of your religion the way you think of Christianity. Ask them if you don't believe me.
Constantine had the power to decide who lived and who died. Was he not able to reward those loyal to him? Wasn't it the case many Bishops did not attend his Council of Nicea?
Nicaea was about Arianism.
Of the Nicean Council, Church History records:
Stuff about Arianism and Christology.
Nothing about Mithras.
Not in any detail, only to dismiss Hadiths. The word for Friday in Arabic is Jumah, the very name of the chapter you quoted from:
As noted, the Arabic calendar emerged later under Umar.
The Arabs renamed the days of the week, the Romans didn't.
You come across as a Christian, hence your defending of its Pagan roots in the face of overwhelming evidence. Don't worry I'm sure even unbiased Scholars, have some kind of confirmation bias linked to the Religion they were born into
I'm far happier discussing the history of Islam than I am Christianity. Neither of which is my religion and neither of which has ever been my religion.
The traditional narratives of both are pretty dubious. I'm going to guess that you are far more credulous as regards texts critical of Christianity than Islam though.
You are unlikely to cite random texts about Islam as authoritative if they disagree with your tradition, but are happy to do so as regards Christianity.
I have no cognitive dissonance as I care little about who is 'right'. I've been called a Muslim far more times than I've been called a Christian here, my profile clearly states 'none' though.
People are not very observant in general.
Dozens of books have been written by Western Historians on the links between Christianity and Paganism.
So are you claiming Western scholars are to believed when talking about religion in general, or only religion except your own?